Nepedia
Back to Discover
Advanced Reader
🎨

Abraham Cowley

arts Maturity 5-7 death dying Next article →

This article covers sensitive topics: death_dying. Parents can manage visibility in Parental Controls.

Abraham Cowley was a prominent English poet and essayist of the 17th century.

Abraham Cowley by Sir Peter Lely
Abraham Cowley by Sir Peter Lely

Born in the City of London in late 1618, he became a leading figure in English literature. His influence was significant enough that his collected works saw 14 different printings between 1668 and 1721. Cowley was recognized for his immense intellectual ability and his ability to master many different styles of writing. He moved through various roles, from a precocious child scholar to a dedicated royalist servant and a lover of experimental science.

Cowley's writing career began with remarkable speed and skill. At just ten years old, he composed the *Tragicall Historie of Piramus and Thisbe*. This was an epic romance written in a six-line stanza, a specific poetic structure that he invented himself. By age thirteen, he wrote an elegy, or a poem for the dead, regarding Lord Carlton. At fifteen, he achieved fame through his collection *Poeticall Blossomes*.

CowleyWorks+Frontis copy
CowleyWorks+Frontis copy

He also wrote *Loves Riddle*, a pastoral comedy written when he was sixteen. This work was noted for its harmonious language and rapid movement, showing a style similar to the poet Thomas Randolph.

His academic life took him to Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1637. There, he became a distinguished scholar and began working on a scriptural epic about King David. This project resulted in the *Davideis*, an English epic in four books. He also wrote a Latin comedy titled *Naufragium Joculare*. In 1641, he produced a play called *The Guardian* for the visit of Prince Charles. This play was later performed in Dublin and eventually printed in 1650. His early years were defined by this intense, rapid production of diverse literary forms.

The English Civil War in 1642 disrupted his academic career. Cowley was a staunch Royalist, meaning he supported the monarchy. Because of his political views, the Parliamentarians ejected him from his fellowship at Trinity College in 1643. He moved to Oxford and later followed the queen into exile in Paris for twelve years. During this exile, he performed dangerous duties for the royal family. He traveled to places like Jersey, Scotland, and the Netherlands to assist them. Most importantly, he managed the secret correspondence between the king and queen. He used ciphers, which are secret codes, to encrypt and decrypt their letters. This work required his attention for many days and nights every week.

During his time in exile, Cowley developed a new style of poetry based on the Greek poet Pindar. He attempted to bring Pindar's lofty lyric passion into the English language. Although he did not perfectly replicate Pindar's specific metrical practices, his use of irregular iambic lines was highly influential. These poems became known as Pindarics, Irregular Odes, or Cowleyan Odes. This style left a lasting mark on English literature, influencing later poets like Samuel Taylor Coleridge and William Wordsworth.

CowleyWorks+Frontis copy
CowleyWorks+Frontis copy

Even though some of his contemporaries found his odes obscure, his rhythmic patterns echoed through the works of poets like Dryden and Gray.

Cowley also engaged deeply with the history of the conflict he lived through. He wrote an epic poem about the Civil War, titled *The Civill Warre*. For a long time, it was believed he had destroyed all copies of this unfinished work. However, in 1973, a scholar named Allan Pritchard discovered a manuscript copy. This discovery allowed the three completed books of the epic to be published in full. His literary output was vast, including the popular love verses in *The Mistress* and various satires. While some of his works, like his satires, were not his own creation, his reputation for public esteem remained high upon his return to England in 1656.

In his final years, Cowley turned his attention toward botany and experimental science.

He retired to a property near Chertsey to live in solitude. He was an advocate for scientific progress and wrote a pamphlet titled *The Advancement of Experimental Philosophy*. This writing helped pave the way for the foundation of the Royal Society. He also provided one of the earliest English references to the coca plant in his Latin work, *Plantarum*. Cowley died in Chertsey after catching a cold while working on his farm. He was buried in Westminster Abbey, resting alongside other great writers like Chaucer and Spenser.

707 words

Where will your curiosity go next?

Keep exploring at your chosen reading level.

🖼️ Images & Media (4)
File:Abraham Cowley by Sir Peter Lely.jpg
Abraham Cowley by Sir Peter Lely.jpg
File:Abraham Cowley - Project Gutenberg eText 20102.png
Abraham Cowley - Project Gutenberg eText 20102.png
File:Abraham Cowley's Chertsey house - Project Gutenberg eText 20102.png
Abraham Cowley's Chertsey house - Project...
File:CowleyWorks+Frontis copy.jpg
CowleyWorks+Frontis copy.jpg
More to explore

🔬 Go deeper

More advanced topics to explore

🪜 Step back

Simpler topics to build understanding

What is Nepedia?

A free, ad-free encyclopedia for children. Every article is written at five reading levels, so the same page works for a five-year-old and a fifteen-year-old — use the level switcher above to see this one change. No account needed to read.