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Oliver Goldsmith

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Oliver Goldsmith was a highly versatile Anglo-Irish writer during the Georgian era.

Plaque To Oliver Goldsmith
Plaque To Oliver Goldsmith

He worked as a poet, novelist, playwright, and even a hack writer. A hack writer is someone who produces many works quickly to earn money. Goldsmith is famous for his realistic depictions of British society. His comedy plays are considered very important to the English stage. Some experts say they are second only to the plays of William Shakespeare. He is also credited with introducing sentimentalism to English literature. Sentimentalism is a style that focuses on deep human feelings and emotions.

Goldsmith's House, Auburn, Kilkenny, 1834 (IA jstor-30004366) (page 1 crop)
Goldsmith's House, Auburn, Kilkenny, 1834 (IA jstor-30004366) (page 1 crop)

Goldsmith's early life was marked by uncertainty and movement. His exact birth date and location are not known with certainty. He told a biographer he was born on 10 November 1728. He may have been born in County Longford or County Roscommon, Ireland. His father was an Anglican curate, which is a type of priest. Goldsmith attended Trinity College Dublin starting in 1744. He did not focus on his studies in law or theology. In 1747, he was expelled from college following a riot. He eventually graduated in 1749 with a Bachelor of Arts degree.

After college, Goldsmith lived a very varied life. He studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh from 1752 to 1755. He also traveled through Flanders, France, Switzerland, and Northern Italy. During these travels, he lived by his wits and played the flute to earn money. In 1756, he moved to London to begin his professional career. He held several different jobs, such as an apothecary's assistant. An apothecary is a person who prepares and sells medicines. He also worked as an usher at a school. These experiences helped him prepare for his life as a professional writer.

Plaque To Oliver Goldsmith
Plaque To Oliver Goldsmith

Goldsmith's literary career flourished through important social connections. He became close friends with the famous writer Samuel Johnson in the 1760s. Johnson acted as a mentor and helped promote Goldsmith's poetry. Together, they were founding members of a group called The Club. This group was a famous intellectual circle of writers. This partnership is described as one of the most fruitful in 18th-century English letters. Through The Club, Goldsmith also met influential people like Edmund Burke. These connections helped him expand his writing to include political works.

Plaque To Oliver Goldsmith
Plaque To Oliver Goldsmith

Goldsmith produced many different types of successful literature. In 1760, he published a series called The Citizen of the World. These letters used a fictional Chinese traveler to comment on British manners. In 1766, he published his only novel, The Vicar of Wakefield. This book explores themes of faith, social class, and family. He also wrote the famous comedy She Stoops to Conquer in 1773. This play is known for its wit and satire. Satire is a way of using humor to criticize people's behavior. He also wrote the poem The Deserted Village in 1770 to protest the destruction of rural life.

Plaque To Oliver Goldsmith
Plaque To Oliver Goldsmith

Despite his talent, Goldsmith faced many personal challenges. He was often in financial debt due to his lifestyle and gambling. He also suffered from regular ill health throughout his life. Some researchers believe he may have suffered from color blindness. This is a condition where a person cannot distinguish between certain colors. Goldsmith died in London in 1774 at the age of 45. He was buried in the Temple Church. His life was a mix of great creative success and personal struggle.

Plaque To Oliver Goldsmith
Plaque To Oliver Goldsmith

The influence of Goldsmith remains strong in the world of literature. During the 19th century, he became a seminal figure of sentimental literature. This means he was a person who strongly influenced the development of a style. Famous authors like Charles Dickens, Jane Austen, and Mary Shelley all mentioned his characters. His novel The Vicar of Wakefield remains a classic of the 18th century. His play She Stoops to Conquer is still studied in theater classes today. Many libraries, schools, and streets are named in his honor to celebrate his legacy.

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