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Ravioli

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Ravioli are a specific type of stuffed pasta that features a filling encased in thin dough.

Ravioli di lattuga
Ravioli di lattuga

This culinary staple is a central part of traditional Italian cuisine. Most commonly, ravioli are shaped into squares. However, they can also appear in circular or semi-circular forms. These half-circle shapes are known as mezzelune. People typically serve these pasta pockets in a broth or accompanied by a sauce. They represent a skill that many people take pride in preparing.

The process of making ravioli involves several distinct steps. Traditionally, this is a homemade craft rather than a factory task. The pasta dough is usually composed of flour and water. In some recipes, eggs are added to the mixture. The creator must then prepare a filling that varies by region. Once the dough is ready, the filling is placed inside and the dough is sealed.

Ravioli-casalinghi-con-la-ricotta
Ravioli-casalinghi-con-la-ricotta

Modern production has changed this, as machines can now mass-produce ravioli for wider consumption.

Regionality dictates the specific ingredients used in the filling. In the Rome and Latium regions, cooks mix ricotta cheese with spinach, nutmeg, and black pepper. In Sardinia, the recipe uses ricotta combined with grated lemon rind. The Campania region produces round ravioli filled with ricotta, though they notably omit parsley. Seasonal preferences also influence how the dish is served. During the summer, tomato sauce is a frequent choice. In the winter, people often serve them with a meat sauce called ragù.

The history of ravioli stretches back several centuries. The dish appears in a 14th-century cookbook titled The Forme of Cury. In that text, they were referred to as rauioles. We also find mentions of them in the personal letters of Francesco Datini, a merchant from Prato. In Venice, a mid-14th-century manuscript called Libro per cuoco described a recipe using minced green herbs, beaten egg, and fresh cheese. These were simmered in broth with sweet and strong spices. By 1549, the chef Bartolomeo Scappi was serving ravioli with boiled chicken to the papal conclave in Rome.

While the exact origin of the name is uncertain, several theories exist. One theory connects the word to the northern Italian word rava, which means turnip. This suggests the original filling might have been made of turnips. However, the earliest recipes do not actually include them. Another theory links the name to a type of cheese related to modern Italian robiola. Despite these theories, the word was borrowed into English and French during the 14th century. Today, ravioli are found in many forms, including canned versions. The Italian Army pioneered canned ravioli during the First World War. Companies like Heinz, Buitoni, and Chef Boyardee later popularized these canned products.

Global variations show how the concept of stuffed dough has traveled. In St. Louis, Missouri, people developed toasted ravioli, which are breaded and deep-fried. In Argentina, large ravioli called sorrentinos are stuffed with meat and cheese. In France, the Côte d'Azur region uses leftover daube meat as a filling. The Drôme department in the Rhône-Alpes region specializes in raviole du Dauphiné, which are small cheese-filled versions served au gratin. Cyprus also has a tradition of boiling ravioli filled with halloumi in chicken stock, topped with dried mint.

Many other cultures share similar culinary traditions. In Turkey, the dish manti uses spiced meat and is served with yogurt and paprika sauce. China has similar items known as jiaozi or wonton. In India, gujhia is a sweet version prepared with sugar, dried fruits, and spices, then deep-fried. Jewish cuisine includes kreplach, which are meat-filled egg-pasta pockets simmered in chicken soup. In the Israeli cities of Safed and Tiberias, calsones are popular. These are filled with tzfatit, a local sheep's milk cheese, and are a staple for the holiday of Shavuot. Middle Eastern shishbarak also features minced beef in pasta cooked in hot yogurt.

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