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Spaghetti

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Spaghetti is a long, thin, and solid cylindrical pasta. It serves as a staple food within traditional Italian cuisine. Most spaghetti is created by combining milled wheat with water. Many producers use durum-wheat semolina to ensure high quality.

Spaghettoni
Spaghettoni

Some versions are enriched with extra vitamins and minerals. While most spaghetti appears white due to refined flour, whole wheat versions are also available. There are many different thicknesses for this pasta. Spaghettoni is a thicker variety of the noodle. Spaghettini is a thinner version. Capellini is an extremely thin type, while vermicelli describes an intermediate thickness.

The production process involves precise mechanical steps. First, grain is ground into a fine flour. This flour is then mixed and kneaded with water.

6-alimenti, pasta,Taccuino Sanitatis, Casanatense 4182.
6-alimenti, pasta,Taccuino Sanitatis, Casanatense 4182.

Most modern spaghetti is produced in factories using auger extruders. These machines push the dough through shaped holes to create long strands. During mixing, workers must prevent air bubbles to ensure a homogenous, or uniform, mix. The forming dies are water-cooled to prevent the pasta from overheating or spoiling. Finally, the strands undergo a drying process. Manufacturers must carefully manage moisture so the strands do not stick together or become too brittle.

Spaghetti has deep historical roots in the Middle East. It likely originated as an ancient, thin, and unleavened bread. In the Persian Sasanian Empire, this food was known as lakhsha. When the dough was cut into strings, it was called rishta.

Sommer, Giorgio (1834-1914) - n. 6144 - (Mangiamaccheroni)
Sommer, Giorgio (1834-1914) - n. 6144 - (Mangiamaccheroni)

In the 7th century, Arabs spread the custom of drying pasta to Sicily. By the 12th century, Sicilian farms were producing itriyya, a long-form dried pasta, for local and export markets. In the 15th century, Martino da Como described making a version called "Sicilian macaroni." He noted the dough was stretched thin and cut with a wire to be as thin as a "spagho," which means string. During this era, people boiled the pasta for up to two hours to achieve a very soft texture.

The center of pasta production shifted from Sicily to Naples in the 17th century. Around 1630, Naples faced famines and a lack of meat and vegetables. New industrial technology for mixing and extrusion helped reduce prices. This made pasta a staple food for everyone, not just the elite.

Alberto Sordi - scena degli spaghetti - Un americano a Roma (1954)
Alberto Sordi - scena degli spaghetti - Un americano a Roma (1954)

During this period, the preference for firmer textures and shorter cooking times began to emerge. By the mid-19th century, cooks in Naples took these firmer textures for granted. It was also around this time that pairing pasta with tomato sauce became common among the people of Naples.

Spaghetti consumption in Italy has grown significantly over time. By 1955, annual consumption in Italy had doubled compared to the amount eaten per person before World War II. In that same year, Italy produced nearly 1.5 million tons of spaghetti. Of that total, approximately 5% was exported to other countries. Today, many people prefer to cook spaghetti "al dente." This Italian term means the pasta is fully cooked but remains firm to the bite. In southern Italy, broken pieces of spaghetti were once sold at a discount to prevent waste. Some factories still donate these offcuts to hospitals and nursing homes.

Different cultures have created unique ways to serve spaghetti. In the Philippines, a popular version is Filipino spaghetti. This version is distinctively sweet because the sauce uses sugar or banana ketchup. It often includes ground meat, sliced hot dogs, and cheese. This style developed between the 1940s and 1960s due to tomato shortages during World War II. In Italy, spaghetti is often served with tomato sauce, meat, or vegetables. Common pairings include sauces like amatriciana or carbonara. Many people also sprinkle grated hard cheeses, such as pecorino romano or Parmigiano, on top.

Spaghetti appears frequently in global culture and language. A famous cinematic moment occurs in the movie "Lady and the Tramp," where two characters share a single strand. There is also a famous legend involving the explorer Marco Polo. Some stories claim he discovered pasta in China and brought it to Venice.

6-alimenti, pasta,Taccuino Sanitatis, Casanatense 4182.
6-alimenti, pasta,Taccuino Sanitatis, Casanatense 4182.

In reality, a 1559 publication by Giovanni Battista Ramusio likely misunderstood Polo's accounts of sago flour in Sumatra. The term "spaghetti" is also used in other ways. "Spaghetti straps" refers to very thin dress straps. "Spaghetti code" describes poorly structured computer code. Even "spaghetti Westerns" refers to a specific style of European films.

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🖼️ Images & Media (4)
File:Spaghettoni.jpg
Spaghettoni.jpg
File:6-alimenti, pasta,Taccuino Sanitatis, Casanatense 4182..jpg
6-alimenti, pasta,Taccuino Sanitatis,...
File:Sommer, Giorgio (1834-1914) - n. 6144 - (Mangiamaccheroni).jpg
Sommer, Giorgio (1834-1914) - n. 6144 -...
File:Alberto Sordi - scena degli spaghetti - Un americano a Roma (1954).jpg
Alberto Sordi - scena degli spaghetti -...
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