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Dumpling

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Dumplings represent a diverse and global category of culinary dishes.

Okruglice u rajngli za kuhanje
Okruglice u rajngli za kuhanje

They consist of pieces of cooked dough made from various starchy sources. This dough may be based on wheat, bread, or other flours. It can also be made from potatoes. Many dumplings feature a filling enclosed within the dough. These fillings range from meat and fish to tofu, cheese, and vegetables. While the term is widely used, its precise definition remains controversial among different cultures. In English, the term emerged by the 17th century. Originally, it referred to small lumps of dough cooked by steaming or simmering. Today, the definition has expanded to include many filled, sweet, or savory varieties.

The preparation of dumplings involves several specific cooking mechanisms. Most dumplings are prepared by boiling, simmering, or steaming. Some varieties are also baked or fried. However, some definitions exclude baking and frying to differentiate dumplings from pastries or fritters. The process often begins with creating a dough from a starch. This dough is then shaped around a filling or formed into a solid mass. For example, West African banku is made from fermented cornmeal. It is prepared by boiling the dough and using continuous kneading. Another type, kenkey, is partly boiled and then finished by steaming inside corn or banana leaves.

BALLS OF BANKU
BALLS OF BANKU

Different regions have developed distinct types of dumplings with unique textures. In Brazil, pastéis consist of a thin dough that is fried or baked. These can be stuffed with ground beef, chicken, shrimp, or even sweets. Another Brazilian variety is the coxinha, which uses a thick dough stuffed with chicken. There are also bolinhas, which translates to "little balls," containing meat or cheese. In Jamaica, dumplings exist in three forms: fried, boiled, and roasted. A popular variation is the Jamaican festival, a cylindrical fried dumpling made with flour, sugar, cornmeal, and baking powder.

Johnnycakes
Johnnycakes

These different methods change how the dough feels and tastes.

History shows that dumplings have been part of human diets for millennia. One of the earliest written mentions comes from a Chinese scholar in a poem 1,700 years ago. Archaeological evidence also supports this long history. In Turfan, Xinjiang, China, preserved dumplings have been found that date back over 1,000 years. In China, the jiaozi is a very common type of dumpling. It consists of minced meat and vegetables wrapped in a dough skin. The skin can be thick or thin and elastic. Legend says that jiaozi were invented during the Eastern Han Dynasty between 150 and 219 CE. A well-known Chinese medicine practitioner named Zhang Zhongjing is credited with their invention.

Jiaozi GS CN
Jiaozi GS CN

Regional ingredients create significant variations in dumpling composition and scale. In Chile, the archipelago of Chiloé uses native potatoes to make several traditional dumplings. These include chapalele, milcao, chuchoca, chuhuañe, and vaeme. Some are flat and boiled, while others are shaped into rolls and roasted on a stick. In Peru, papas rellenas are made by flattening mashed potatoes and stuffing them with seasoned meat. This meat is often sautéed with onions, garlic, cumin, and olives before being deep-fried.

Papas rellenas Perú
Papas rellenas Perú

In Puerto Rico, pasteles are a beloved Christmas tradition. They use a masa made from grated root vegetables, squash, and plantains. These are wrapped in fragrant banana leaves and then boiled or steamed.

Pasteles
Pasteles

Many dumplings serve as central components in larger meals or cultural celebrations. In Central Asia, manti are steamed dumplings filled with spiced ground lamb or beef. They are often cooked in a multi-level steamer called a mantovarka. These are typically served with toppings like yogurt, sour cream, or onion sauce.

Manti in a steam cooker
Manti in a steam cooker

In Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, chuchvara are very small boiled dumplings. They are made of unleavened dough squares filled with meat, following Islamic dietary rules by avoiding pork. In Venezuela, domplines are fried wheat dumplings filled with curry chicken and cheese. These are often served during the carnivals of El Callao.

Dumplings connect various culinary traditions through shared concepts of starch and filling. While a jiaozi in China is distinct from an empanada in Latin America, both utilize dough to enclose flavors. In the Caribbean, Bajan dumplings are slightly sweetened and flavored with cinnamon and nutmeg. They are often boiled in soup or steamed with salted meat and plantain. In El Salvador, pupusas are thick griddle cakes made from cornmeal or rice flour. These are stuffed with cheese or beans and eaten by hand with spicy cabbage slaw. Whether they are steamed in a bamboo basket or fried in a pan, dumplings remain a universal way to combine ingredients into a single, satisfying bite.

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🖼️ Images & Media (42)
File:Okruglice u rajngli za kuhanje.jpg
Okruglice u rajngli za kuhanje.jpg
File:BALLS OF BANKU.jpg
BALLS OF BANKU.jpg
File:Empanadas salteñas.jpg
Empanadas salteñas.jpg
File:Pantrucas.jpg
Pantrucas.jpg
File:Peru PapasRellenas2.jpg
Peru PapasRellenas2.jpg
File:Johnnycakes.jpg
Johnnycakes.jpg
File:Papas rellenas Perú.jpg
Papas rellenas Perú.jpg
File:AsopaodeCamarones.png
AsopaodeCamarones.png
File:Alcapurrias-many.jpg
Alcapurrias-many.jpg
File:Pasteles.jpg
Pasteles.jpg
File:Uyghur manta.jpg
Uyghur manta.jpg
File:Manti in a steam cooker.jpg
Manti in a steam cooker.jpg

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