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Quito

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Quito, officially named San Francisco de Quito, is the capital city of Ecuador.

Quito, Ecuador Astronaut Image
Quito, Ecuador Astronaut Image

It also serves as the capital of the Pichincha province. The city is a major political and cultural center for the nation. Most of Ecuador's government and cultural institutions are located here. Many large transnational companies also keep their headquarters in the city. Quito is one of two main industrial centers in Ecuador. The other major industrial center is the port city of Guayaquil.

FACHADA ASAMBLEA NACIONAL. QUITO, 20 DE FEBRERO 2020. 01
FACHADA ASAMBLEA NACIONAL. QUITO, 20 DE FEBRERO 2020. 01

The city sits in a valley on the eastern slopes of the Pichincha volcano. This volcano is an active stratovolcano located in the Andes mountains. Quito is built on a long plateau within the Guayllabamba river basin. The city is also the national capital closest to the Equator. The Equator runs through the northern part of the metropolitan area. This area includes the parish of San Antonio.

Mitad del Mundo, Quito, Ecuador, 2015-07-22, DD 03
Mitad del Mundo, Quito, Ecuador, 2015-07-22, DD 03

Quito's high altitude makes it a very high capital city. It is either the highest or the second-highest national capital in the world. This ranking depends on how you define the capital of Bolivia. If La Paz is the capital, it is higher than Quito. However, Sucre is the constitutional capital of Bolivia and is lower than Quito. Therefore, Quito holds the second-highest position in that comparison.

Vista de Quito desde El Panecillo, Ecuador, 2015-07-22, DD 34-37 PAN
Vista de Quito desde El Panecillo, Ecuador, 2015-07-22, DD 34-37 PAN

Archaeological evidence shows that people lived in this area for a long time. The exact date of first habitation is unknown. However, researchers found tools made of obsidian glass dated to 8000 BC. In 1500 BC, the Cotocolla people lived in a prehistoric village northwest of the city. This village covered over 26 hectares and was fed by many creeks. They even exported obsidian to the coastal regions. Later, the Inca Emperor Huayna Capac defeated the local Quitu people. He made Quito the capital of the northern Inca Empire.

Iglesia de San Francisco, Quito, Ecuador, 2015-07-22, DD 217-219 HDR
Iglesia de San Francisco, Quito, Ecuador, 2015-07-22, DD 217-219 HDR

The Spanish conquest changed the city's history in the sixteenth century. Diego de Almagro founded Santiago de Quito in August 1534. It was renamed San Francisco de Quito shortly after. A group of 204 settlers led by Sebastián de Benalcázar refounded the city at its current location. This event followed the capture of the leader Rumiñahui. The Spanish established Roman Catholicism and built many churches. The San Francisco Convent was built in 1535. Quito is considered the oldest capital in South America.

Quito in 1615 by Guamán Poma
Quito in 1615 by Guamán Poma

Quito's historic center is very significant and well-preserved. In 1978, UNESCO declared it a World Cultural Heritage Site. It was one of the very first sites ever named by UNESCO. The city has faced many challenges throughout its history. This includes various wars, political unrest, and even a mass panic in 1949. In the 21st century, the metropolitan area has grown to about 2.8 million people. The city has worked to renew its historic center since 2002.

Plazafoch
Plazafoch

Modern Quito continues to develop new infrastructure for its residents. A new subway system opened on December 1, 2023. The city also uses a Metrobus system called Ecovia. In 2013, the city replaced its old airport with the Mariscal Sucre International Airport. The old airport site became the Parque Bicentenario. Living near active volcanoes like Pichincha requires constant monitoring. Volcanologists at the national polytechnic university watch the peaks closely. This helps protect the large population living in the valley.

Acceso NAIQ
Acceso NAIQ
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🖼️ Images & Media (20)
File:Quito in 1615 by Guamán Poma.jpg
Quito in 1615 by Guamán Poma.jpg
File:Virgen Guápulo.jpg
Virgen Guápulo.jpg
File:Plano de la Ciudad de Quito hacia 1805. Atribuído a Juan Pío Montúfar..JPG
Plano de la Ciudad de Quito hacia 1805....
File:Francisco Javier Cortés (atribuido) - Entrada en la ciudad de Quito de las tropas espanolas remitidas por el Virrey del Perú en 1809 - Museo de América 2010-04-01 (cropped)1.jpg
Francisco Javier Cortés (atribuido) -...
File:Quito (c. 1860), óleo atribuido a Rafael Salas 01.jpg
Quito (c. 1860), óleo atribuido a Rafael...
File:Quito, Ecuador Astronaut Image.jpg
Quito, Ecuador Astronaut Image.jpg
File:Vista de Quito desde El Panecillo, Ecuador, 2015-07-22, DD 39.JPG
Vista de Quito desde El Panecillo,...
File:FACHADA ASAMBLEA NACIONAL. QUITO, 20 DE FEBRERO 2020. 01.jpg
FACHADA ASAMBLEA NACIONAL. QUITO, 20 DE...
File:Pabel Muñoz Lopez.jpg
Pabel Muñoz Lopez.jpg
File:Motorcycle in La Floresta, Quito.jpg
Motorcycle in La Floresta, Quito.jpg
File:Acceso NAIQ.JPG
Acceso NAIQ.JPG
File:Iglesia de San Francisco, Quito, Ecuador, 2015-07-22, DD 217-219 HDR.JPG
Iglesia de San Francisco, Quito, Ecuador,...

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