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Caracas

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Caracas is the capital and largest city of Venezuela.

AvilaNationalPark201603
AvilaNationalPark201603

It serves as the heart of the Metropolitan Region of Caracas. This region contains over 5 million inhabitants. The city sits within the Caracas Valley. This valley is part of the Venezuelan coastal mountain range. To the north, the steep Cerro El Ávila separates the city from the Caribbean Sea.

Parque del Este - Caracas
Parque del Este - Caracas

To the south, more hills and mountains enclose the valley. The Guaire River is the main body of water. It flows across the city and empties into the Tuy River.

The geography of the city is shaped by its location in a closed valley.

Centro Histórico de Caracas
Centro Histórico de Caracas

The valley is relatively small and irregular in shape. The altitude of the historic center is about 900 meters above sea level. The highest point in the Capital District is Pico El Ávila. Geologically, the area formed during the Late Cretaceous period. Much of the region sits on metamorphic rock. This land deformation created the specific shape of the valley we see today.

Caracas has a tropical savanna climate, classified as Aw.

Sabana Grande 2017
Sabana Grande 2017

However, the high altitude makes the weather milder than other tropical areas. The annual average temperature is approximately 21°C. In January, the average temperature is about 18°C. In May, the warmest month, the average is about 24°C. This creates a small annual thermal amplitude of only 6°C. In December and January, thick fog often appears. Local residents call this sudden nightly fog "the Pacheco." Electrical storms are frequent between June and October. This happens because the valley is closed and the mountains cause orographic action.

Before the city was founded, indigenous peoples lived in the valley.

Diego de Losada - Antonio Herrera Toro Concejo Municipal de Caracas
Diego de Losada - Antonio Herrera Toro Concejo Municipal de Caracas

Between 1555 and 1560, Francisco Fajardo tried to establish settlements in the area. These early attempts were destroyed by native groups led by Terepaima and Guaicaipuro. On 25 July 1567, Captain Diego de Losada founded the city. He named it Santiago de León de Caracas.

Vista de Caracas en 1839
Vista de Caracas en 1839

The Spanish colonists built a trade network. They traded wheat, cotton, and beeswax. They also traded pearls from Margarita. In the 1620s, cacao beans became a major export. This made the city very important in the Viceroyalty of New Spain.

The city has survived many difficult periods throughout its history. In 1595, English Privateers crossed the mountains and sacked the town. In 1641, a destructive earthquake hit the city. Later, the cacao market declined due to a blight and competition from Guayaquil. Caracas also faced political shifts. It was the site of the 1797 Gual and España conspiracy. It also saw the successful 1811 Venezuelan Declaration of Independence. An earthquake in 1812 destroyed much of the city. The Venezuelan War of Independence continued until 1821.

In the 20th century, Caracas experienced massive growth.

Stadsgezicht met Hotel Majestica in Caracas in Venezuela, Bestanddeelnr 252-8437
Stadsgezicht met Hotel Majestica in Caracas in Venezuela, Bestanddeelnr 252-8437

An oil boom in the early 1900s changed the economy. This led to intensive modernization programs in the 1950s and 1960s. The city developed a metro system and many public buildings.

Estacion Coche L3 METRO DE CARACAS
Estacion Coche L3 METRO DE CARACAS

Rapid development also led to the growth of slums on the surrounding hillsides. The city has faced economic and social problems recently. This includes an oil glut in the 1980s and political instability. In 2017, it was noted as a very violent city. In early 2026, the United States launched strikes to remove President Nicolás Maduro.

Today, Caracas remains a major cultural and economic center. It is the headquarters for the Caracas Stock Exchange. It is also home to the company Petróleos de Venezuela (PDVSA).

Av Bolivar caracas2
Av Bolivar caracas2

The city is known as Venezuela's cultural capital. It contains many museums, such as the Museum of Contemporary Art.

Lateral izquierdo
Lateral izquierdo

It also features the University City of Caracas. This area is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Vista aérea USB
Vista aérea USB

The city also boasts some of the tallest skyscrapers in Latin America. The Parque Central Towers are a notable example of this architecture.

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🖼️ Images & Media (14)
File:Diego de Losada - Antonio Herrera Toro Concejo Municipal de Caracas.jpg
Diego de Losada - Antonio Herrera Toro...
File:Vista de Caracas en 1839.jpg
Vista de Caracas en 1839.jpg
File:Stadsgezicht met Hotel Majestica in Caracas in Venezuela, Bestanddeelnr 252-8437.jpg
Stadsgezicht met Hotel Majestica in...
File:Parque del Este - Caracas.JPG
Parque del Este - Caracas.JPG
File:AvilaNationalPark201603.jpg
AvilaNationalPark201603.jpg
File:Av Bolivar caracas2.jpg
Av Bolivar caracas2.jpg
File:Sabana Grande 2017.jpg
Sabana Grande 2017.jpg
File:Centro Histórico de Caracas.jpg
Centro Histórico de Caracas.jpg
File:Tricolor.jpg
Tricolor.jpg
File:Lateral izquierdo.jpg
Lateral izquierdo.jpg
File:Vista aérea USB.jpg
Vista aérea USB.jpg
File:Iafetren.JPG
Iafetren.JPG

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