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Queen of Sheba

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The Queen of Sheba is a famous figure from ancient history and legend.

Bilqis Queen of Sheba Enthroned (CBL T 406.2)
Bilqis Queen of Sheba Enthroned (CBL T 406.2)

She is known by different names in different traditions. In Arabic, she is called Bilqis. In the Ge'ez language of Ethiopia, her name is Makeda. Many people wonder if she was a real person or a character from stories.

Dura Europos Synagogue Mural Solomon Receives the Queen of Sheba Color
Dura Europos Synagogue Mural Solomon Receives the Queen of Sheba Color

Most historians think Sheba was a kingdom in South Arabia. This area is located in what is now the country of Yemen. Because no physical trace of her has been found, her existence is still a mystery.

Many religious stories describe her journey to meet King Solomon.

LocationYemen
LocationYemen

In the Hebrew Bible, she travels to Jerusalem with a very large group. She brings a caravan of camels carrying many valuable items. These gifts include gold, precious stones, and many spices. Some accounts say these spices were a great abundance. In the New Testament, she is called the "queen of the South." She traveled from the far edges of the known world to hear Solomon's wisdom.

Ethiopia in its region
Ethiopia in its region

This visit is a major part of many different belief systems.

Different faiths have their own special ways of telling her story.

Bilqis, Queen of Sheba, painting, album, Safavid dynasty, Iran
Bilqis, Queen of Sheba, painting, album, Safavid dynasty, Iran

In Judaism, some stories link her to Egypt and Ethiopia. One ancient writer, Josephus, said she brought the first balsam plants to Israel. In Islam, the story of Bilqis is told in the Quran. It says a bird called a hoopoe told Solomon about her land. The Queen of Sheba is shown as a wise and diplomatic leader. She decides to visit Solomon after receiving a letter from him. She even mistakes a floor of glass for a lake during her visit.

Ethiopian tradition holds very deep and important beliefs about her.

Ethiopian Chapel IMG 0574
Ethiopian Chapel IMG 0574

A famous book called the Kebra Nagast tells her story. This book is a national saga for Ethiopia. It says her son was named Menelik I. The Ethiopian royal family claims they are her descendants. Some lists say Makeda reigned from 1013 to 982 BC. This book is so important that past leaders used it to help rule. It is a key part of the history of the Ethiopian people.

Archaeologists have looked for clues about her life in ancient lands.

Bar'an temple 1986-3
Bar'an temple 1986-3

They have found old temples in Yemen, like the Barran Temple. This temple is sometimes called the "Throne of Bilqis." Another site is the Awwām Temple, which people call the Sanctuary of Bilqis. However, these temples were built for a god named Almaqah. Scientists have not found any proof that connects these buildings to the Queen herself. Even without physical proof, her name remains famous across West Asia and Africa. She continues to be a symbol of wisdom and leadership in many cultures.

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🖼️ Images & Media (14)
File:Dura Europos Synagogue Mural Solomon Receives the Queen of Sheba Color.jpg
Dura Europos Synagogue Mural Solomon...
File:Ethiopian Chapel IMG 0574.JPG
Ethiopian Chapel IMG 0574.JPG
File:Cluny - Tête de la reine de Saba - Portail central Abbaye St Denis - XIIe siècle.jpg
Cluny - Tête de la reine de Saba -...
File:Bilqis, Queen of Sheba, painting, album, Safavid dynasty, Iran.jpg
Bilqis, Queen of Sheba, painting, album,...
File:Bilqis Queen of Sheba Enthroned (CBL T 406.2).jpg
Bilqis Queen of Sheba Enthroned (CBL T 406.2).jpg
File:Hafiz - Left Side of a Double-page Illustrated Frontispiece Depicting Queen Sheba (Bilqis) Enthroned - Walters W6313A - Full Page.jpg
Hafiz - Left Side of a Double-page...
File:Stele Iglum Louvre AO1029.jpg
Stele Iglum Louvre AO1029.jpg
File:Bar'an temple 1986-3.jpg
Bar'an temple 1986-3.jpg
File:LocationYemen.png
LocationYemen.png
File:Ethiopia in its region.svg
Ethiopia in its region.svg
File:Zenobia.jpg
Zenobia.jpg
File:Saabaghiberti.jpg
Saabaghiberti.jpg

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