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Queen Elizabeth Islands

geography Maturity 11-13 Next article →

The Queen Elizabeth Islands are a large group of islands in northern Canada.

Map indicating the Queen Elizabeth (or Parry) Islands, northern Canada
Map indicating the Queen Elizabeth (or Parry) Islands, northern Canada

They sit in the Arctic Ocean and are split between two places. Most of the islands are in Nunavut. Some parts are in the Northwest Territories. This group of islands is very important for the planet. They hold about 14% of all the world's glaciers and ice caps.

Ward Hunt Island%2C Ice Shelf 01
Ward Hunt Island%2C Ice Shelf 01

This does not include the huge ice sheets in Greenland or Antarctica. The islands form a shape like a right triangle. They are bordered by the Nares Strait to the east and the Parry Channel to the south.

Many of these islands are among the largest in the whole world. Ellesmere Island is the biggest and sits at the very top.

Downtown Grise Fiord
Downtown Grise Fiord

Other major islands include Axel Heiberg, Devon, and Melville Island. The Sverdrup Islands sit west of Ellesmere Island. The Parry Islands are found further south and west. These islands were formed by the movement of a special piece of Earth called a subplate. Most of the land is covered in tundra or ice. Some small spots, like the Cheyne Islands, are important places for birds to live.

Tanquary Fiord 15 1997-08-05
Tanquary Fiord 15 1997-08-05

People have explored these cold lands for a long time. In 1820, a British explorer named Sir William Parry sailed there on a ship called the Hecla. For over 130 years, the islands were known as the Parry Archipelago. The group was renamed in 1953 after Queen Elizabeth II became the Queen of Canada. In the 1800s, explorers from Norway also traveled through the area. Some islands hold history from long ago. For example, Skraeling Island has items left by the Inuit and the Norse.

Fort Conger, Grinnell Land, May 20, 1883
Fort Conger, Grinnell Land, May 20, 1883

Other places, like Beechey Island, hold graves from the lost expedition of Sir John Franklin.

Very few people live in this icy region. The total population is less than 400 people.

Resolute Bay 1 1997-08-02
Resolute Bay 1 1997-08-02

There are only three places where people live all year. Two are small towns called Resolute and Grise Fiord. Resolute is the most crowded place in the islands. Alert is a weather station that is the northernmost permanent settlement in the world.

NOAA - Alert, Nunavut, Canada
NOAA - Alert, Nunavut, Canada

Other places like Eureka are research bases. They have staff who stay for a short time and then rotate out.

Downtown Eureka, Nunavut -e
Downtown Eureka, Nunavut -e

Scientists use these stations to watch the air and the climate.

Today, the islands are a place for science and study. Companies once looked for oil in the Franklinian and Sverdrup basins.

Mould Bay Weather Station
Mould Bay Weather Station

Now, many people focus on the environment. Researchers use advanced tools to study the land and the sea. Some stations, like the Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station, look like places on other planets.

FMARS 2009 hab
FMARS 2009 hab

The islands connect us to the history of Arctic travel. They also show us how the Earth's ice is changing. This makes the islands a very special part of Canada and the world.

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🖼️ Images & Media (13)
File:Map indicating the Queen Elizabeth (or Parry) Islands, northern Canada.png
Map indicating the Queen Elizabeth (or...
File:NOAA - Alert, Nunavut, Canada.jpg
NOAA - Alert, Nunavut, Canada.jpg
File:Craig_Harbour_1926.jpg
Craig_Harbour_1926.jpg
File:Johnson_Bay_Settlement_Dundas_Harbour_Qikiqtaaluk_Nunuvut_Canada.jpg
Johnson_Bay_Settlement_Dundas_Harbour_Qiki...
File:Downtown Eureka, Nunavut -e.jpg
Downtown Eureka, Nunavut -e.jpg
File:FMARS 2009 hab.jpg
FMARS 2009 hab.jpg
File:Fort Conger, Grinnell Land, May 20, 1883.jpg
Fort Conger, Grinnell Land, May 20, 1883.jpg
File:Downtown Grise Fiord.jpg
Downtown Grise Fiord.jpg
File:Isachsen-1974-bw-1b.jpg
Isachsen-1974-bw-1b.jpg
File:Mould_Bay_Weather_Station.jpg
Mould_Bay_Weather_Station.jpg
File:Resolute Bay 1 1997-08-02.jpg
Resolute Bay 1 1997-08-02.jpg
File:Tanquary_Fiord_15_1997-08-05.jpg
Tanquary_Fiord_15_1997-08-05.jpg

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