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Prehistoric technology

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Prehistoric technology is the study of tools used before people began writing things down. History relies on written records to tell us about the past. Prehistory covers everything that happened before those first written accounts existed. It began about 2.5 million years ago with the very first stone tools. These early tools helped people hunt for food and later helped them cook.

Axe of iron from Swedish Iron Age, found at Gotland, Sweden
Axe of iron from Swedish Iron Age, found at Gotland, Sweden

Technology changed as human brains grew more complex over time. This allowed for better problem-solving and language.

Technology worked in stages as humans learned new ways to survive. In the beginning, early humans like Homo habilis made simple Oldowan stone tools. Later, Homo ergaster developed more sophisticated tools like the Acheulean bifacial axe. As the climate changed 12,500 years ago, humans had to adapt to new environments. They moved from hunting large animals like mammoths to gathering many wild plants. They also began using smaller stone tools called microliths. These tiny blades were used as tips for arrows and spears.

Sword bronze age (2nd version)
Sword bronze age (2nd version)

Many different groups of humans contributed to these big changes. Homo erectus lived in West Asia and Africa and was the first to hunt in coordinated groups. About 600,000 to 400,000 years ago, Homo heidelbergensis used tools similar to the Acheulean style. Neanderthals lived in Europe and the Near East about 300,000 years ago. They used Mousterian tools, which included small knives and scrapers. Finally, Homo sapiens appeared in Africa about 200,000 years ago. Our species had a complex brain that helped us manipulate objects with great skill.

There are many amazing facts about how these people lived. Some humans may have started wearing clothing as far back as 190,000 years ago. Researchers found sewing needles that were used about 40,000 years ago. In South Africa, arrowheads from 60,000 years ago show traces of toxic plants used for hunting. Art also became very important during the Upper Paleolithic period. People made cave paintings and sculptures like the Venus of Willendorf. They even created musical instruments like flutes to make music.

These ancient changes link directly to how we live today. The Neolithic Revolution was a huge turning point for everyone. This was the first agricultural revolution where people stopped moving around. Instead of being nomadic, they settled in homes to farm land. They began domesticating animals and growing their own crops. This shift allowed for more settled lives and even more advanced tools. Today, we still use the idea of farming and settling to support our world.

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File:Sword bronze age (2nd version).jpg
Sword bronze age (2nd version).jpg
File:Axe of iron from Swedish Iron Age, found at Gotland, Sweden.jpg
Axe of iron from Swedish Iron Age, found...
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