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Polly Adler

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Pearl "Polly" Adler was a famous American businesswoman and author. She was best known for her role as a madam in New York City. A madam is a person who manages a house where women provide sexual services. Adler became a well-known figure during the Jazz Age. She later wrote a memoir titled *A House Is Not a Home*. This book became very successful and was even made into a movie. Her life was a journey from a difficult childhood to becoming a famous icon of New York society.

Adler was born on April 16, 1900, to a Russian-Jewish family. Her family lived in Yanow, which was part of Imperial Russia. Her father, Morris Adler, was a tailor who traveled through Europe for work. When Polly was thirteen, her parents sent her to the United States to escape growing violence called pogroms. During the trip, her cousin decided to return home. This left thirteen-year-old Polly to continue her journey to America alone. Because of World War I, the rest of her family could not join her for many years.

Life in America was very challenging for Adler. She lived in Springfield, Massachusetts, where she cleaned houses and worked in a paper mill at age fourteen. Later, she moved to Brooklyn to live with cousins. She worked as a seamstress and in clothing factories. At age seventeen, while working in a corset factory for $5 a week, she experienced a traumatic assault by her foreman. This left her pregnant, and she struggled to find medical help. After being treated unkindly by her relatives, she moved to Manhattan to start a new life.

In Manhattan, Adler began to meet people from the theater world. She shared an apartment on Riverside Drive with an actress and a showgirl. These friends introduced her to the world of vaudeville, Broadway, and burlesque. They gave her the nickname "Polly." In 1920, a man named Nicolas Montana introduced her to the business of procuring women for brothels. She began working in a two-room apartment near Columbia University. She earned $100 a week by helping Montana with his business.

After a brief time running a lingerie shop, Adler decided to run her own business. She was a very shrewd businesswoman who understood marketing. She made her establishments stand out by offering high-quality food and drinks from bootleggers. She also focused on good hygiene and hired mostly working-class women. To keep her business growing, she moved into grander locations. One famous location was the Majestic Tower at 215 West 75th Street. This building was completed in 1931 by architects Schwartz and Gross.

The Majestic Tower was filled with amazing details. It featured a bar designed to look like the tomb of Tutankhamun. There was also a Chinese Room where guests played mahjong. The interior included a Gobelin tapestry and secret doorways. Because of her reputation, many famous people visited her. These guests included New York City Mayor Jimmy Walker and the writer Dorothy Parker. Even the mobster Dutch Schultz was among her patrons. Adler also used bribes to pay city officials and police to keep her business running.

Adler's career was often interrupted by legal battles. She was arrested many times for her work. In 1935, during the time of Mayor Fiorello La Guardia, she was sentenced to 30 days in jail. She spent her time there scrubbing the floors. In 1943, she was imprisoned at Bellevue Hospital under her seventeenth charge. Despite these troubles, she remained a powerful figure. During the Great Depression, her business was so busy that she had to turn away forty women for every one she hired.

Polly Adler retired in 1945 and moved to Los Angeles. She showed a great desire to learn by attending high school and earning an associate degree at Los Angeles City College. In 1953, she published her memoir, *A House Is Not a Home*. The book was a massive success, selling two million copies. Her life was so interesting that she was included in the 1959 Celebrity Register. She died of cancer in 1962 at Cedars of Lebanon Hospital. Her story continues to be told through books and films today.

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