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Brooke Astor

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Roberta Brooke Astor was a prominent American philanthropist, socialite, and writer. Born on March 30, 1902, in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, she was the daughter of John Henry Russell Jr., the 16th Commandant of the Marine Corps. Her upbringing was shaped by her father's military career. This required the family to live in several different countries. She spent much of her childhood in places such as China and the Dominican Republic. During these travels, she kept detailed diaries, letters, and drawings. These childhood records were later published in her 1993 memoir, "Patchwork Child: Early Memories."

Astor's personal life involved three marriages that shaped her social and financial standing. Her first marriage was to John Dryden Kuser in 1919. This period was very difficult for her. She described it as the worst years of her life due to his behavior. They had one son, Anthony Dryden Kuser, who later changed his name to Anthony Dryden Marshall. In 1932, she married Charles Henry "Buddy" Marshall. She called this marriage a "great love match." During this time, she worked as a features editor for House & Garden magazine. She also worked briefly with prominent interior decorators like Ruby Ross Wood.

In October 1953, Astor married her third husband, William Vincent Astor. He was the chairman of Newsweek magazine and a member of the wealthy Astor family. Vincent was the son of John Jacob Astor IV, who died on the RMS Titanic. Brooke worked alongside Vincent in his real estate and hotel empire. She even redecorated the Hotel St. Regis between 1954 and 1958. When Vincent died in 1959, he left his fortune to the Vincent Astor Foundation. Brooke became the chairwoman of this foundation. This role allowed her to direct massive amounts of wealth toward charitable causes.

Astor's philanthropy was vast and touched many different fields. She was a Trustee of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. She is specifically credited with the idea for the Astor Court, a Chinese garden courtyard at the museum. Her support extended to the New York Zoological Society, which named a baby Asian elephant in her honor. She also supported the New York Public Library and the Animal Medical Center. Astor believed in the importance of spreading wealth to help society. She famously said that money is like manure and is only useful when it is spread around.

Her many contributions earned her several of the highest honors in the United States. In 1988, she was awarded the National Medal of Arts. In 1992, she was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Most notably, she received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1998. These awards recognized her work with many organizations. These included the International Rescue Committee, the Fresh Air Fund, and the Lighthouse for the Blind. Even after liquidating the Vincent Astor Foundation in 1997, she remained active in charity work.

In her later years, Astor faced serious health and legal challenges. She was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease and suffered from anemia. A legal battle occurred within her family regarding her care. Her grandson, Philip Marshall, filed a lawsuit to change her guardianship. He alleged that her son, Anthony Marshall, was not providing proper care. The lawsuit claimed that Astor's living conditions had declined and that necessary medical attention was being reduced. This legal conflict involved prominent figures who provided affidavits to support the request for new guardians.

Following the legal intervention, Astor was moved to Lenox Hill Hospital. After this period, she returned to her estate, Holly Hill, in Briarcliff Manor, New York. She passed away on August 13, 2007. Her life remains a significant example of how private wealth can be used for public good. Through the Vincent Astor Foundation and her own efforts, she left a lasting impact on New York City's cultural and social institutions.

Brooke Astor grave
Brooke Astor grave
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