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Emily Davison

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Emily Wilding Davison was a prominent English suffragette.

Emily Wilding Davison by Andrew William Dron
Emily Wilding Davison by Andrew William Dron

She fought for women's suffrage, which is the right for women to vote in elections. During the early twentieth century, women in Britain did not have this right. Davison was a dedicated member of the Women's Social and Political Union, known as the WSPU. This organization was formed in 1903 by Emmeline Pankhurst. The WSPU believed that militant tactics were necessary to achieve political change. Davison became a key officer and a chief steward for the group's marches.

Davison's life was defined by her intense activism.

Emily Davison, 1908
Emily Davison, 1908

She grew up in a middle-class family and was highly educated. She studied literature at Royal Holloway College and later at St Hugh's College, Oxford. Although she earned first-class honours in English, she could not graduate because Oxford did not grant degrees to women at that time. She eventually earned a degree from the University of London in 1908. After joining the WSPU in 1906, she left her teaching career to focus entirely on the movement. Her actions were often described as daring and reckless by her peers.

To protest, Davison used many different militant methods. She broke windows and threw stones at political meetings. She also set fire to postboxes and planted bombs. On several occasions, she even hid inside the Palace of Westminster, where Parliament meets. In April 1910, she hid in the heating system to confront Prime Minister H. H. Asquith. In April 1911, she hid in a cupboard in the Palace chapel to avoid being recorded in the national census.

Emily Davison, c. 1912-13
Emily Davison, c. 1912-13

These actions were intended to force the government to address women's rights.

Davison's activism led to frequent arrests and harsh treatment in prison. She was arrested nine times throughout her campaigning. During these imprisonments, she went on hunger strikes seven times to protest her treatment. To prevent her from dying, authorities used force-feeding on her forty-nine times.

Forcefeeding
Forcefeeding

Force-feeding was a painful and difficult medical procedure. Davison described the experience as barbaric and a form of torture. In one instance at Strangeways prison, authorities used a fire hose to try to force her out of a barricaded cell. She later sued the authorities and won 40 shillings in damages.

Her final act occurred at the 1913 Derby horse race.

During the race, Davison walked onto the track. She was struck by Anmer, the horse owned by King George V. Historians are still uncertain about her exact motives for this act. Some believe it was an accident. Others suggest she intended to pin a suffragette flag to the horse. Regardless of her intent, her death became a major event for the suffrage movement.

Her funeral in June 1913 was a massive demonstration of support. The WSPU organized a large procession through the streets of London. Approximately 5,000 suffragettes and supporters carried her coffin. An estimated 50,000 people lined the route to watch the parade.

Britain Before the First World War Q81834
Britain Before the First World War Q81834

After the procession, her coffin was transported by train to her family plot in Morpeth, Northumberland. This event showed the immense scale of the movement she helped lead.

Today, Davison is remembered as a significant figure in the struggle for equality. Her life connects to broader themes of feminism, socialism, and civil disobedience. She believed that socialism was a moral force for good and combined it with her feminist goals. Her dedication to the cause helped bring attention to the injustice of denying women the vote. Her legacy continues to be recognized through various memorials, including statues and plaques.

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🖼️ Images & Media (9)
File:Emily Wilding Davison by Andrew William Dron.jpg
Emily Wilding Davison by Andrew William Dron.jpg
File:Emily Davison, 1908.jpg
Emily Davison, 1908.jpg
File:Forcefeeding.jpg
Forcefeeding.jpg
File:Emily Davison, c. 1912-13.jpg
Emily Davison, c. 1912-13.jpg
File:Emily Davison, return ticket.jpg
Emily Davison, return ticket.jpg
File:Britain Before the First World War Q81834.jpg
Britain Before the First World War Q81834.jpg
File:Emily Davison in later life.jpg
Emily Davison in later life.jpg
File:Emily Davison plaque at Epsom Downs Racecourse.jpg
Emily Davison plaque at Epsom Downs Racecourse.jpg
File:Emily Wilding Davison statue, Epsom High Street (July 2021).jpg
Emily Wilding Davison statue, Epsom High...
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