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Pika

life science Maturity 5-7 Next article →

The pika is a tiny mammal that lives in cold places.

Collared Pika - Hatchers Pass Alaska
Collared Pika - Hatchers Pass Alaska

You might think they look like rabbits. They are part of the lagomorph group, just like hares and rabbits. However, pikas are much smaller than their cousins. They have very round bodies and short limbs. Their ears are also short and rounded instead of long. Most pikas do not have an external tail. They live in mountains across Asia and North America. Some live very high up in the Himalayas.

Ochotona princeps pika haying in rocks
Ochotona princeps pika haying in rocks

To survive the long winter, pikas have a clever way of working. They do not hibernate like some other animals. Instead, they use a process called haying. During the autumn, they gather grasses, flowers, and soft twigs. They pull these plants into piles to dry. Then, they hide these haypiles under rocks for later.

Pika pile
Pika pile

This stored food keeps them alive during the cold months. They spend the winter traveling through tunnels under the snow. This helps them stay active even when it is freezing outside.

Scientists have studied pikas for a long time. The name pika likely comes from the Tungusic word "piika." Their scientific name, Ochotona, comes from a Mongolian word. This word is "ogotno," which means pika. Many different types of pikas have lived on Earth. Some lived a very long time ago during the Miocene epoch. We know about many extinct species from fossils. One type, the Sardinian pika, disappeared about 2,000 years ago. This happened because of human activity.

Pika Ochotona sp. fossil distribution 2
Pika Ochotona sp. fossil distribution 2

There are many different facts about how pikas live. Most pikas weigh between 200 and 400 grams. They are usually about 15 to 25 centimeters long. Pikas have a special way of getting nutrients from plants. They use a part of their gut called a cecum to ferment fiber. This creates soft pellets called cecotropes. The pika then eats these pellets to get more energy.

Ochotona princeps pika haying in rocks
Ochotona princeps pika haying in rocks

This is called cecotrophy. It is a common behavior for all lagomorphs.

Watching a pika can be a very interesting experience. You might hear them before you see them. They are sometimes called whistling hares. This is because they make high-pitched alarm calls. They use these sounds to warn others about predators. They also use calls to find mates or defend their space. Pikas really love the cold. If the temperature rises by just 2 degrees Celsius, they lose 3% of their foraging time. This makes it much harder for them to collect food for the winter.

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🖼️ Images & Media (5)
File:Collared Pika - Hatchers Pass Alaska.jpg
Collared Pika - Hatchers Pass Alaska.jpg
File:Pika pile.JPG
Pika pile.JPG
File:Ochotona princeps pika haying in rocks.jpg
Ochotona princeps pika haying in rocks.jpg
File:Pika Ochotona sp. fossil distribution 2.png
Pika Ochotona sp. fossil distribution 2.png
File:Fossil occurrences of leporids and ochotonids and global environmental change.png
Fossil occurrences of leporids and...
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