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Pharisees

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The Pharisees were a Jewish social movement and a school of thought. They lived in the Levant during the time of Second Temple Judaism.

Dispute of Jesus and the Pharisees (89477737)
Dispute of Jesus and the Pharisees (89477737)

Their name likely comes from an Aramaic word meaning "set apart." This might mean they stayed separate from other people. They may have separated from non-Jews or from people they saw as unreligious. Some people thought the name meant "Persian" instead. However, most scholars agree the name means they were separated.

Christus im Hause des Pharisäers Jacopo Tintoretto
Christus im Hause des Pharisäers Jacopo Tintoretto

This group had a very specific way of following Jewish laws. They believed in an Oral Torah, which was a set of spoken traditions. They believed these traditions came from Mount Sinai alongside the written laws. This helped them explain how to live every day. They also believed that purity laws should be followed outside of the Temple.

Pompée dans le Temple de Jérusalem
Pompée dans le Temple de Jérusalem

This made their way of life different from other groups. They focused on how the laws applied to everyone in daily life.

History shows that the Pharisees emerged from a group of scribes and sages. They became active around the middle of the 2nd century BC. This was a time of great change in the region.

John Hyrcanus medal
John Hyrcanus medal

They often disagreed with a group called the Sadducees. The Sadducees were often part of the wealthy ruling class. The Pharisees were more popular with the common people. A historian named Josephus said they had about 6,000 followers. He believed they had a very large influence over the public.

There were many different ways to interpret the law back then. For example, the two groups disagreed on the phrase "an eye for an eye." The Pharisees believed a person should pay the value of an eye. The Sadducees held a more literal view of the rule.

Dispute of Jesus and the Pharisees (89477737)
Dispute of Jesus and the Pharisees (89477737)

They also disagreed on whether people would rise from the dead. The Pharisees believed in this, but the Sadducees did not. These debates were part of a much larger social struggle. This struggle was made harder by the Roman conquest of the area.

Everything changed in 70 AD when the Second Temple was destroyed. This event was a major turning point for Jewish history. After this, Pharisaic beliefs became the foundation for Rabbinic Judaism. Around 200 AD, a man named Judah ha-Nasi helped collect their traditions. He helped create the Mishnah, which was a written collection of their ideas. This allowed their oral traditions to survive even without the Temple. Today, many Jewish religious movements are linked to these old traditions.

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🖼️ Images & Media (4)
File:John Hyrcanus medal.svg
John Hyrcanus medal.svg
File:Pompée dans le Temple de Jérusalem.jpg
Pompée dans le Temple de Jérusalem.jpg
File:Dispute of Jesus and the Pharisees (89477737).jpg
Dispute of Jesus and the Pharisees (89477737).jpg
File:Christus im Hause des Pharisäers Jacopo Tintoretto.jpg
Christus im Hause des Pharisäers Jacopo...
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