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Oujda

geography Maturity 11-13 Next article →

Oujda is a major city located in northeastern Morocco.

Oujda centre1
Oujda centre1

It serves as the capital of the Oriental region. The city sits near the border with Algeria. It is positioned south of the Mediterranean coast. Geographically, it lies in the southern part of the Beni Iznassen Mountains. According to a 2024 census, the city has a population of 506,224 people. Because of its location, Oujda is a strategic center for trade and regional movement.

The city's environment is shaped by a specific climate type. It has a cold semi-arid climate. This can sometimes border on a hot semi-arid climate. In the Köppen climate classification system, this is labeled as BSk or BSh. The weather is generally hot and dry during the summer months. Winters are typically cool, tepid, and wet. Snow is a rare event for the area. However, the city did record a snowfall on January 7, 2026.

Oujda.medina. tour de control
Oujda.medina. tour de control

Oujda's history is a complex series of shifts in power. There is evidence of settlements during the Roman occupation. However, these areas seem to have been under Berber control. The city was officially founded in 994 by Ziri ibn Atiyya. He was a Berber chief of the Zenata Maghrawa tribe. He moved his people there to be closer to their central Maghrib homeland. Over many centuries, the city changed hands many times. It was controlled by the Almohad caliphate and the Marinid dynasty. The Marinid sultan Abu Yusuf Yaqub even destroyed the city in 1271. Later, the Alaouite dynasty firmly incorporated the city into Morocco in 1795. The French occupied the city during the 19th century.

Oujda.eglise
Oujda.eglise

The architecture of Oujda shows its many historical layers. The center of the city is defined by the old city. This area features traditional Moroccan architecture. It is known for narrow, winding alleys. These paths lead visitors to various local markets. You can find a specific jewelry market and a leather market.

Oujda Rue du marché
Oujda Rue du marché

The Grand Mosque of Oujda is a major historical site. The city also contains the Oujda Church.

Oujda.eglise
Oujda.eglise

Nearby, the Bled el Gaada ruins offer a glimpse into the Roman era. These ruins include a Roman fort.

Cultural traditions like music are central to life in Oujda. One important style is Gharnati. This is a variety of Andalusi music. While its center is in Tlemcen, Algeria, Oujda is a main center for it in Morocco. The city hosts an International Festival of Gharnati Music every year. Another tradition is Reggada music. This is an ancient Amazigh musical genre. It is also a traditional war dance from the Beni Znassen tribes. This dance was originally used to celebrate victory in battle. Today, Reggada has become part of the global music sphere.

Transportation connects Oujda to the rest of the country and the world. Angads Airport provides international flights to cities like Paris and Madrid. The city is also a major endpoint for the main railroad from Casablanca. This line runs through Fes and Taourirt. A unique way to travel is via the Oriental Desert Express. This railway was originally built in the 1920s and 1930s. One of its cars is a historical "prince's wagon." This special train has even appeared in the 2015 film *Spectre*.

The economy of Oujda is tied to its border location. It acts as a passage for businesses moving between different regions. It connects areas toward Fes in the west and Tlemcen in the east. It also links to Figuig in the south and Melilla in the north. However, the city has faced economic challenges. The unemployment rate has historically been around 20 percent. This is higher than the national average of 10.3 percent. To help the economy, the Technopole Oujda was established. This project includes road improvements and airport expansions to support growth.

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File:Oujda.medina. tour de control.jpg
Oujda.medina. tour de control.jpg
File:Oujda Rue du marché.JPG
Oujda Rue du marché.JPG
File:Oujda.eglise.JPG
Oujda.eglise.JPG
File:Oujda centre1.jpg
Oujda centre1.jpg
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