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Okonomiyaki

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Okonomiyaki is a savory Japanese pancake dish cooked on a teppan. A teppan is a flat iron griddle used for cooking. The name is very descriptive of the eating experience. It comes from the words okonomi, meaning "how you like" or "what you like," and yaki, meaning "grilled." This name highlights the freedom to choose various ingredients. People often call it "Osaka soul food" or even "Japanese pizza." It is a staple of flour-based Japanese cuisine, also known as konamon.

Okonomiyaki 006
Okonomiyaki 006

The cooking process depends on which regional style is being prepared. In the Kansai or Osaka style, the ingredients are mixed together before cooking. The batter consists of wheat flour, eggs, dashi or water, and grated nagaimo. Nagaimo is a type of long yam that helps the texture. Shredded cabbage is mixed directly into this batter. The cook then pan-fries the mixture on both sides using metal spatulas. These same spatulas are used to cut the pancake into pieces once it is finished.

Okonomiyaki 007
Okonomiyaki 007

Toppings add layers of flavor and texture to the finished pancake. Common additions include okonomiyaki sauce, which is made with Worcestershire sauce. Other essential toppings are aonori, which are dried seaweed flakes, and katsuobushi, or bonito flakes. Many people also add Japanese mayonnaise and pickled ginger, known as beni shōga. For extra variety, cooks might include octopus, squid, shrimp, or cheese. Some versions, called modanyaki, include a layer of fried noodles like yakisoba or udon.

Okonomiyaki 004
Okonomiyaki 004

The Hiroshima style offers a completely different mechanism for building the dish. Instead of mixing ingredients, the cook layers them on the teppan. The process typically begins with a thin layer of batter. This is followed by a large amount of cabbage, pork, and yakisoba noodles. The amount of cabbage used in Hiroshima is three to four times the amount used in the Osaka style. The cabbage starts as a very high pile. The cook pushes the pile down as it cooks on the heat.

Hiroshimayaki(Okonomiyaki)
Hiroshimayaki(Okonomiyaki)

History shows that okonomiyaki evolved from various earlier Japanese confections. In the late Edo period, a thin crêpe called funoyaki was popular. This was a sweet treat baked on a cooking pot with miso. During the Meiji era, children enjoyed a snack made by drawing pictures or letters in batter on a griddle. This was called monjiyaki, which eventually led to the modern liquid-based dish known as monjayaki. The specific term "okonomiyaki" first appeared at an Osaka shop in the 1930s.

Preparing okonomiyaki in Hiroshima
Preparing okonomiyaki in Hiroshima

Significant historical events helped the dish become a widespread favorite. After the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake, cooking these crêpes became a common pastime. Following World War II, there was a short supply of rice in Japan. Okonomiyaki emerged as an inexpensive and filling option for people of all ages. This created an "okonomiyaki boom" where ingredients and cooking equipment became commercially available. In Hiroshima, the dish became a vital way for surviving residents to eat after the atomic bombing in August 1945.

Okonomiyaki 004
Okonomiyaki 004

Today, okonomiyaki is a massive part of Japanese food culture and commerce. Hiroshima is especially famous for the dish. The city has over 2,000 okonomiyaki restaurants. This means Hiroshima has more of these restaurants per capita than any other place in Japan. The Otafuku brand, a major producer of okonomiyaki sauce, is based in Hiroshima. The city even features an okonomiyaki museum and a cooking studio.

Preparing okonomiyaki in Hiroshima
Preparing okonomiyaki in Hiroshima

Beyond Japan, the influence of this savory pancake can be seen in many Asian cities. Street vendors serve okonomiyaki in Manila, Taipei, Bangkok, and Jakarta. Different regions continue to create unique variations. In Kishiwada, Osaka, a version called kashimin-yaki uses chicken and tallow. In Hamamatsu, people mix takuan, or pickled daikon, into their batter. These diverse styles show how a simple flour-based dish can adapt to many different tastes and cultures.

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File:Hiroshimayaki(Okonomiyaki).jpg
Hiroshimayaki(Okonomiyaki).jpg
File:Preparing okonomiyaki in Hiroshima.jpg
Preparing okonomiyaki in Hiroshima.jpg
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