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Nishapur

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Nishapur is a major city in northeast Iran.

بوژآباد، شهرستان نیشابور
بوژآباد، شهرستان نیشابور

It is located in the Razavi Khorasan province. The city sits on a fertile plain. The Binalud Mountain Range rises nearby.

Nature of Nishapur 07
Nature of Nishapur 07

Nishapur serves as the capital for both the district and the county. It is the second most populous city in its province. The city holds great cultural and economic importance. It was once a key part of the Greater Khorasan region.

The city has a long history of changing hands. Shapur I founded it in the 3rd century.

Sasanian seal with inscription Pahlavi "Perozhormizd, son of the Kanarang", 3rd century CE British Museum 134847
Sasanian seal with inscription Pahlavi "Perozhormizd, son of the Kanarang", 3rd century CE British Museum 134847

He established it as a capital for the Sasanian satrapy. At that time, the city was called Abarshahr. The name Nishapur comes from Middle Persian words. "Nish" means new, good, or fair. "Shapur" is the name of the king. Together, the name means "the new city of Shapur."

Old Nishapur
Old Nishapur

Nishapur served as a capital for several powerful groups. It was the capital of the Tahirid dynasty. Abdullah Tahir reformed the city in 830. Later, Tughril chose it as the capital of the Seljuk Empire in 1037. During the Islamic Golden Age, it was a great center. It was one of four great cities in Greater Khorasan. It stood alongside Merv, Herat, and Balkh. The city was a seat of government for the eastern caliphates. It was a home for many different ethnic groups.

Trade helped the city grow into a massive center. Nishapur sat on the Silk Road.

Tile - Portal of an old store - Bazaar of Nishapur (Edit)
Tile - Portal of an old store - Bazaar of Nishapur (Edit)

This road linked China to the Mediterranean Sea. Merchants traveled from Transoxiana, Iraq, and Egypt to visit. Some even came from as far as Scandinavia.

Mapofkhorasan1775
Mapofkhorasan1775

The city reached its height under the Samanids in the 10th century. In the 6th century, the city had 25,000 people. By the year 1000, the population grew to 336,000. The territory also grew from 17.6 hectares to 1,680 hectares.

Hardship has struck the city many times. In 1221, the Mongols invaded. This invasion destroyed the city and killed many people. Later, earthquakes and other invasions caused more damage.

Nature of Nishapur 07
Nature of Nishapur 07

Unlike the nearby city of Merv, Nishapur recovered. It survived these events to become a modern city. Today, it is active in tourism and agriculture. It also focuses on industry and healthcare.

A passenger train in Neyshabur Train Station
A passenger train in Neyshabur Train Station

The modern city is split into three administrative districts. District 1 contains newer urban developments. These areas grew mostly in the 1980s and 1990s. Most higher education institutions are located here.

Road 44 (Iran)
Road 44 (Iran)

District 2 is the downtown area. It contains older and historic structures. You can find the National Garden of Nishapur here. The Khanate Mansion of Amin Islami is also in this district.

District 3 is a special protected area. It contains the ruins of the ancient city.

آرامگاه شیخ فرید الدین عطار نیشابوری
آرامگاه شیخ فرید الدین عطار نیشابوری

This area is a registered archaeological site by law. Unauthorized digging there is illegal. This district is a major tourist hotspot. It holds the tombs of famous historical people. You can visit the Mausoleum of Omar Khayyam.

Construction of The Mausoleum of Omar Khayyam
Construction of The Mausoleum of Omar Khayyam

You can also visit the Mausoleum of Attar of Nishapur. Many ancient discoveries are kept in museums worldwide. These include the British Museum and the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

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🖼️ Images & Media (18)
File:Sasanian_seal_with_inscription_Pahlavi_"Perozhormizd,_son_of_the_Kanarang",_3rd_century_CE_British_Museum_134847.jpg
Sasanian_seal_with_inscription_Pahlavi_"Pe...
File:Old Nishapur.jpg
Old Nishapur.jpg
File:آرامگاه شیخ فرید الدین عطار نیشابوری.jpg
آرامگاه شیخ فرید الدین عطار نیشابوری.jpg
File:Abbasid Caravanseray of Nishapur (Ribati-i-Abbasi of Nishapur) - Morning 021.JPG
Abbasid Caravanseray of Nishapur...
File:Mapofkhorasan1775.png
Mapofkhorasan1775.png
File:Construction of The Mausoleum of Omar Khayyam.png
Construction of The Mausoleum of Omar Khayyam.png
File:بوژآباد، شهرستان نیشابور.jpg
بوژآباد، شهرستان نیشابور.jpg
File:Nature of Nishapur 07.jpg
Nature of Nishapur 07.jpg
File:Tile - Portal of an old store - Bazaar of Nishapur (Edit).jpg
Tile - Portal of an old store - Bazaar of...
File:Mir Abad - Nishapur 1.jpg
Mir Abad - Nishapur 1.jpg
File:Road 44 (Iran).jpg
Road 44 (Iran).jpg
File:A passenger train in Neyshabur Train Station.jpg
A passenger train in Neyshabur Train Station.jpg

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