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Megabat

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Megabats are a large and interesting family of bats.

Flying foxes
Flying foxes

Many people call them fruit bats or flying foxes. They belong to a group called Pteropodidae. These animals are important because they play big roles in nature. Most megabats eat fruit, but some eat nectar from flowers.

Mariana Fruit Bat
Mariana Fruit Bat

A few species might even eat leaves, pollen, or bark. They can be quite different in size. Some are very large, while nearly a third of all species weigh less than 100 grams.

To stay strong in the air, megabats have very fast bodies. They have a high metabolic rate, which is the way their bodies use energy.

Pteropus samoensis-3
Pteropus samoensis-3

Their hearts can beat more than 700 times per minute while they fly. They also have large lungs to help them breathe. Most megabats are nocturnal, meaning they are active at night. Others are crepuscular, which means they are active at dusk. They spend their quiet time roosting in trees or inside caves.

Flying foxes
Flying foxes

Scientists have studied these bats for a long time. A British zoologist named John Edward Gray first described the family in 1821.

Hardwicke's science-gossip - an illustrated medium of interchange and gossip for students and lovers of nature (1886) (14769069502)
Hardwicke's science-gossip - an illustrated medium of interchange and gossip for students and lovers of nature (1886) (14769069502)

Later, in 1875, George Edward Dobson split bats into two groups. He called them megabats and microbats based on their size. He noticed many fruit-eating bats were much larger than insect-eating ones. Today, scientists use genetic data to understand how they are related. This is because their fossils are very hard to find.

Megabats have a very long history on Earth. They likely evolved in Australasia about 31 million years ago.

Many lineages probably started in Melanesia before moving to Asia and Africa. As of 2018, scientists had described 197 different species of megabat. About one third of these are flying foxes from the genus Pteropus. These bats can look very different from other bats. They often have faces that look like dogs and have claws on their second digits.

Eye contact with flying fox
Eye contact with flying fox

Most megabats do not use echolocation to find their way. Echolocation is the way some bats use sound to "see" in the dark. Instead, megabats rely on their keen sight and smell.

EB1911 Chiroptera Fig. 5
EB1911 Chiroptera Fig. 5

Some special species, like the genus Rousettus, can make clicking sounds with their tongues. This helps them navigate. However, many megabat populations are facing hard times. About a quarter of all species are listed as threatened. This happens because of overhunting and the destruction of their habitats.

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🖼️ Images & Media (17)
File:Oceania UN Geoscheme - Map of Melanesia cropped.jpg
Oceania UN Geoscheme - Map of Melanesia...
File:Mariana Fruit Bat.jpg
Mariana Fruit Bat.jpg
File:Pteropus melanotus 04 MWNH 237.jpg
Pteropus melanotus 04 MWNH 237.jpg
File:Pteropus samoensis-3.jpg
Pteropus samoensis-3.jpg
File:Hypsignathus monstrosus anatomy.png
Hypsignathus monstrosus anatomy.png
File:1977.05.03 Fijian Monkey-faced Bat ,Taveuni, Fiji 3443 ccccr.jpg
1977.05.03 Fijian Monkey-faced Bat...
File:EB1911 Chiroptera Fig. 5.jpg
EB1911 Chiroptera Fig. 5.jpg
File:Pteropus lylei.jpg
Pteropus lylei.jpg
File:Flying foxes.png
Flying foxes.png
File:Eye contact with flying fox.jpg
Eye contact with flying fox.jpg
File:Hardwicke's science-gossip - an illustrated medium of interchange and gossip for students and lovers of nature (1886) (14769069502).jpg
Hardwicke's science-gossip - an...
Grey-headed flying foxes (Pteropus...

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