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Knucklebones

arts Maturity 5-7 Next article →

Knucklebones is a game of skill and quick hands.

Roman statue of girl playing astragaloi 14 aC
Roman statue of girl playing astragaloi 14 aC

It is known by many names like jacks, jinks, or scatter jacks. People play it by throwing small objects into the air. They must catch or move the pieces before they land. This game is found in many different cultures around the world. It brings people together for play and competition. Some people even use the pieces for gambling or telling fortunes.

Gaziantep Archaeology museum Carchemish orthostats 4334
Gaziantep Archaeology museum Carchemish orthostats 4334

There are many ways to play the game. In one version, you toss a ball and pick up stones. You must do this while the ball is still in the air. Another way is to toss one stone, then two, then three. You try to catch them all on the back of your hand. Some players give these moves funny names. They might call them "riding the elephant" or "frogs in the well."

Gonggi pebbles
Gonggi pebbles

The goal is to finish a set series of throws to win.

This game has a very long history. It is ancient and has likely been invented many times.

Mongolian game (6325695968)
Mongolian game (6325695968)

Long ago, people used the ankle bones of sheep. These bones are called astragali. Because they are almost symmetric, they were used as early dice. Ancient Greeks and Romans loved this game. Some stories say the god Zeus gave golden jacks to a boy named Ganymede. Other stories say the Egyptian god Thoth invented it.

Knucklebone Player - British Museum - Joy of Museums
Knucklebone Player - British Museum - Joy of Museums

Different parts of the world have their own special ways to play.

Five-stone in Nepal
Five-stone in Nepal

In Mongolia, the game is called shagai. They use sheep or goat bones for it. In Korea, the game is called gonggi. It has five levels that get harder as you go. In the Philippines, children play kuru using a large "mother" stone. They pick up smaller "children" stones with one hand.

Entada Phaseoloides
Entada Phaseoloides

In South Asia, players in Nepal use five to seven stones. They play through five different rounds of throwing and catching.

Knucklebones shows us how people have played together for thousands of years.

Maori Children playing Knucklebones; Gottfried Lindauer (1907)
Maori Children playing Knucklebones; Gottfried Lindauer (1907)

Even though the objects have changed, the fun stays the same. Instead of sheep bones, people now use plastic or metal. In the Pacific Islands, players might use flat seeds. In Israel, children use small metal cubes. Whether using stones, seeds, or plastic, the game is all about focus. It is a wonderful link to the games of the past.

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🖼️ Images & Media (9)
File:Pieter Bruegel the Elder - Children’s Games - Google Art Project - (part) - Knucklebones.jpg
Pieter Bruegel the Elder - Children’s...
File:Gaziantep Archaeology museum Carchemish orthostats 4334.jpg
Gaziantep Archaeology museum Carchemish...
File:Mongolian game (6325695968).jpg
Mongolian game (6325695968).jpg
File:Gonggi pebbles.jpg
Gonggi pebbles.jpg
File:Five-stone in Nepal.jpg
Five-stone in Nepal.jpg
File:Maori Children playing Knucklebones; Gottfried Lindauer (1907).jpg
Maori Children playing Knucklebones;...
File:Entada Phaseoloides.jpg
Entada Phaseoloides.jpg
File:Roman statue of girl playing astragaloi 14 aC.jpg
Roman statue of girl playing astragaloi 14 aC.jpg
File:Knucklebone Player - British Museum - Joy of Museums.jpg
Knucklebone Player - British Museum - Joy...
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