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Dice

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Dice are small, throwable objects used to pick random numbers.

6sided dice (cropped)
6sided dice (cropped)

People use them in many ways. You might see them in board games or role-playing games. Some people even use them for games of chance. They work by landing on a face that shows a value. This value can be a number or a symbol.

Most common dice are cubes with six sides. These sides use dots called pips to show numbers from one to six. On a standard die, the opposite sides always add up to seven.

Making dice involves different steps depending on how they are used.

Snake eyes dice
Snake eyes dice

Many dice are made through plastic injection molding. This uses a material called PMMA. To add colors, makers add pigments to the plastic. To add numbers, they dip the die in paint. Then, they use a process called tumble finishing. This scrapes paint out of the indents to show the numbers. It also makes the edges smooth and rounded.

Backgammon PrecisionDice
Backgammon PrecisionDice

Precision dice for casinos are made differently. They are often made from bars of cellulose acetate. These dice have flush markings that are flat against the surface. They also have very sharp edges.

Dice have a very long history that goes back to before recorded time.

6dice(cropped)
6dice(cropped)

Some people think dice grew from using animal bones for fortune-telling. In ancient Egypt, people played a game called senet. They used flat, two-sided throwsticks to move. The oldest known dice were found in the Burnt City in Iran. These date to between 2800 and 2500 BCE.

D03 wood
D03 wood

Bone dice were also found in Skara Brae, Scotland. These are dated from 3100 to 2400 BCE. In the Indus Valley, people used terracotta dice. Some of these even had opposite sides that added up to seven.

Different cultures have used many kinds of dice through the years.

Die Faces
Die Faces

In ancient Greece, people played a game called Knucklebones. Romans were also big fans of dicing. They had large dice called Tali and small dice called Tesserae. In China, dice helped lead to the invention of dominoes and playing cards. In Japan, people used dice for a game called sugoroku. There were two types of this game. Ban-sugoroku was like backgammon. E-sugoroku was a racing game.

Dices collection
Dices collection

Some dice can even be made to be unfair. These are called loaded dice. They are designed to favor certain results.

Dice come in many shapes besides the standard cube.

6dice(cropped)
6dice(cropped)

You can find polyhedral dice, which have many flat sides. Some sets include shapes called Platonic solids. These include dice with four, eight, twelve, or twenty sides.

Icosahedron
Icosahedron

A ten-sided die is also very common. Some people use twenty-sided dice for games. Some of these are special "spindown" dice. They help players count down numbers like health points.

Tetrahedron
Tetrahedron

Even a four-sided die is unique. It does not have a top face when it rests. Instead, you read the number near the top point. All these shapes help make games exciting and varied.

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🖼️ Images & Media (63)
File:6sided dice (cropped).jpg
6sided dice (cropped).jpg
Dice-rolling-slowmotion-2018-9.webm
File:Chiralität von Würfeln V.2.svg
Chiralität von Würfeln V.2.svg
File:Die Faces.svg
Die Faces.svg
File:Snake eyes dice.jpg
Snake eyes dice.jpg
File:The Game (33285019256).jpg
The Game (33285019256).jpg
File:Backgammon PrecisionDice.jpg
Backgammon PrecisionDice.jpg
File:6dice(cropped).jpg
6dice(cropped).jpg
File:Tetrahedron.png
Tetrahedron.png
File:Hexahedron.png
Hexahedron.png
File:Octahedron.png
Octahedron.png
File:Trapezohedron5.jpg
Trapezohedron5.jpg

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