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Kanagawa Prefecture

geography Maturity 5-7 Next article →

Kanagawa Prefecture is a vital region located in the Kantō region on Honshu, Japan's largest island.

Map of Kanagawa Prefecture Ja
Map of Kanagawa Prefecture Ja

It sits along the eastern Pacific coast. The prefecture borders Tokyo to the north. It also touches Yamanashi Prefecture to the northwest and Shizuoka Prefecture to the west. Kanagawa is a key part of the Greater Tokyo Area. This is the most populous metropolitan area on Earth. The prefecture is the second-most populous in Japan. As of April 2022, it had 9,221,129 residents. Despite its large population, it is the fifth-smallest prefecture by land area.

The geography of Kanagawa consists of three distinct topographical zones. The western region is mountainous. It contains the Tanzawa Mountain Range and the volcano Mount Hakone. Mount Hiru is the highest peak in the prefecture. The central region is characterized by flat stream terraces and lowlands. Major rivers like the Sagami, Sakai, Tsurumi, and Tama flow through this area. The Tama River serves as a boundary between Kanagawa and Tokyo. The eastern region is more hilly. It includes the Tama Hills and the Miura Peninsula. This peninsula separates Tokyo Bay from Sagami Bay.

Natural forces have shaped the landscape over thousands of years. Approximately 3,000 years ago, Mount Hakone experienced a massive volcanic explosion. This event created Lake Ashi in the western part of the prefecture. The prefecture also contains significant protected areas. About 23% of the land is designated as Natural Parks. These include the Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park and the Tanzawa-Ōyama Quasi-National Park. These parks preserve the diverse ecosystems found in the mountains and hills.

070203 MM21&FUJI-2
070203 MM21&FUJI-2

Kanagawa has played a central role in Japanese political history. During the Kamakura period from 1185 to 1333, the city of Kamakura served as the de facto capital. It was the seat of the Kamakura shogunate. In the mid-19th century, the region became a gateway to the world. Commodore Matthew Perry landed in Kanagawa in 1853 and 1854. He signed the Convention of Kanagawa to open Japanese ports to the United States. Following this, Yokohama opened as a deep-water port in 1859. It eventually grew into the largest trading port in Japan.

The prefecture has faced significant challenges from natural disasters. In 1923, the Great Kantō earthquake struck. The epicenter was located deep beneath Izu Ōshima in Sagami Bay. The earthquake and subsequent tsunami caused widespread devastation. In Kamakura, the death toll from the earthquake, tsunami, and fires exceeded 2,000 victims. At Odawara, ninety percent of buildings collapsed immediately. The region also experienced heavy damage during the U.S. bombing in 1945. These events deeply impacted the urban landscape of cities like Yokohama and Kawasaki.

Today, Kanagawa is a major commercial and transport hub. Yokohama is the capital and the second-largest city in Japan. It serves as a massive international container hub. The prefecture is also home to important military installations. These include the Yokosuka Naval Base and Camp Zama. Transportation is highly developed to support the massive population. The Tōkaidō Shinkansen provides high-speed rail service through Shin-Yokohama and Odawara. This allows for rapid travel to major cities like Nagoya and Osaka.

Prefectural office of Kanagawa in Yokohama
Prefectural office of Kanagawa in Yokohama

Modern Kanagawa is a blend of urban density and scenic beauty. The Minato Mirai 21 area in Yokohama shows its high-tech commercial side.

Minato Mirai 21 Far View
Minato Mirai 21 Far View

Visitors often travel to Hakone or Kamakura for tourism. These areas offer a look at the prefecture's historical and natural roots. The region also hosts major international sporting events. Nissan Stadium in Yokohama is a famous venue for football.

This stadium hosted matches for the 2002 FIFA World Cup. Kanagawa remains a vital link in Japan's social and economic systems.

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🖼️ Images & Media (9)
File:Tsunami by hokusai 19th century.jpg
Tsunami by hokusai 19th century.jpg
File:Prefectural office of Kanagawa in Yokohama.JPG
Prefectural office of Kanagawa in Yokohama.JPG
File:Minato Mirai 21 Far View.JPG
Minato Mirai 21 Far View.JPG
File:070203 MM21&FUJI-2.jpg
070203 MM21&FUJI-2.jpg
File:Map of Kanagawa Prefecture Ja.svg
Map of Kanagawa Prefecture Ja.svg
File:Prefectural office of Kanagawa.jpg
Prefectural office of Kanagawa.jpg
File:Kanagawa prefecture population pyramid in 2020.svg
Kanagawa prefecture population pyramid in 2020.svg
File:3s,main-mikoshi.jpg
3s,main-mikoshi.jpg
File:Yokohama F Marinos vs Urawa Reds..jpg
Yokohama F Marinos vs Urawa Reds..jpg
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