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Japamala

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{

"text": "A japamala, often called a mala, is a loop of prayer beads used in several Indian religions. These include Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism.

Rudraksha mala
Rudraksha mala

The primary purpose of the mala is to assist with japa, which is the recitation of mantras, prayers, or other sacred phrases. By using the beads to keep track, practitioners can focus more deeply on their spiritual work. Beyond counting, malas serve several other functions. They can be worn to ward off evil or used to count repetitions during other forms of sadhana, or spiritual practice. For example, a person might use them to count prostrations performed before a holy icon.

Jainism sadhvi with japa mala
Jainism sadhvi with japa mala

\n\nStructurally, a mala follows a specific design. The main body typically consists of 108 beads that are roughly the same size and made of the same material.

星月菩提佛珠
星月菩提佛珠

While 108 is the standard, smaller versions exist with 54 or 27 beads. A very important feature is the 109th bead, known as the guru bead or mother bead. This bead is not included in the count during recitation. Traditionally, beads are strung on natural fibers like silk, cotton, or animal hair.

Japa mala (prayer beads) of Tulasi wood with 108 beads - 20040101-01
Japa mala (prayer beads) of Tulasi wood with 108 beads - 20040101-01

In the modern era, people also use synthetic materials like plastic or glass beads, often attached to nylon cords. Some malas use metal chains or elastic cords to help them fit comfortably on a wrist.\n\nThe exact origins of the mala remain unknown. Using beads for counting is a practice found in many ancient cultures. Because the oldest Buddhist literature, such as the Pali Nikayas, does not mention malas, it is unclear if they began with Buddhists or other Indian groups like Brahmins or Jains. One early Mahayana Buddhist text, the Mu Huanzi Jing, provides an interesting story. In this text, a king asks the Buddha for a method to help free people from suffering. The Buddha instructs him to create a mala from the seeds of a soapberry tree. The text suggests that if a person completes one million recitations, they would end one hundred and eight passions.

Bodhi seed mala
Bodhi seed mala

\n\nDifferent religious traditions favor specific materials for their malas. In Hinduism, followers of Shiva, known as Saivas, often use rudraksha beads. These are the fruitstones of the Elaeocarpus ganitrus tree. The Rudrakshajabala Upanishad describes these beads as the tears of Shiva.

Shiva cropped
Shiva cropped

Followers of Vishnu, called Vaishnavas, often use beads made from tulasi wood. The Garuda Purana states that wearing a tulasi mala ensures that Hari, or Vishnu, is always with the devotee. The Padma Purana even suggests that these beads should be worn during all daily activities, including eating or bathing. \n\nIn Mahayana Buddhism, bodhi seeds are a very popular material. These are actually seeds from various species in the Arecaceae and Fabaceae families.

Lotus seeds on a mala jan 10
Lotus seeds on a mala jan 10

In China, malas were once mainly associated with monastic life. By the Ming dynasty, they became valued for their beauty and were worn by royals and high officials. In these contexts, the material of the mala often signaled the wearer's social status. In Tibet, Tibetan Buddhists use a wide variety of materials called trengwa. They often prefer precious stones like sapphire, lapis lazuli, or agate.

Evening pray (edited)
Evening pray (edited)

\n\nTibetan traditions also use color and material to match specific spiritual goals. For peaceful or purification practices, practitioners prefer white beads and white thread. To increase things like knowledge or merit, they use yellow colors and precious metals like gold or silver. Red coral is used for practices involving power or magnetizing.

ཕྲེང་བ།
ཕྲེང་བ།

For \"wrathful practices" meant to transform anger, practitioners use black beads made of materials like bone, iron, or turquoise. In Nepal, a specific type of mala is made from the seeds of the Ziziphus budhensis plant, which is found in the Temal region. \n\nIn Japan, Buddhist prayer beads are called juzu. Different Japanese Buddhist sects use different shapes and styles. For example, the Shingon and Tendai schools often use longer malas with 108 beads. These may include extra strands called counter strands to record multiple rounds of recitation.

Some Japanese practitioners rub the beads together during services. This creates a soft grinding noise, which is believed to have a purifying and reverential effect. This practice shows how the mala is not just a tool, but a central part of religious life across many different cultures.",

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🖼️ Images & Media (20)
File:1720 CE Brahma on hamsa, Pahari school of chitra, Mankot Himachal Pradesh.jpg
1720 CE Brahma on hamsa, Pahari school of...
File:孝莊文皇后.jpg
孝莊文皇后.jpg
File:Eight Patriarchs of the Shingon Sect of Buddhism Kukai Cropped.jpg
Eight Patriarchs of the Shingon Sect of...
File:Shiva cropped.jpg
Shiva cropped.jpg
File:Rudraksha mala.jpg
Rudraksha mala.jpg
File:星月菩提佛珠.jpg
星月菩提佛珠.jpg
File:Lotus_seeds_on_a_mala_jan_10.jpg
Lotus_seeds_on_a_mala_jan_10.jpg
File:Evening pray (edited).jpg
Evening pray (edited).jpg
File:Making Prayer Beads (Juzu) in Japan (1914 by Elstner Hilton).jpg
Making Prayer Beads (Juzu) in Japan (1914...
File:Juzu2.jpg
Juzu2.jpg
File:Nirenjyodo.jpg
Nirenjyodo.jpg
File:Buddhist prayer beads 07.JPG
Buddhist prayer beads 07.JPG

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