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Japamala

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A japamala is a loop of prayer beads used in many Indian religions. These include Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism.

Rudraksha mala
Rudraksha mala

People use these beads for counting recitations called japa. This might involve repeating mantras or sacred phrases. Some people also use them to count other spiritual practices, like bowing before a holy icon. They can even be worn to ward off evil or as a symbol of faith.

Jainism sadhvi with japa mala
Jainism sadhvi with japa mala

Most malas have a specific way they are built. The main body usually has 108 beads of the same size.

星月菩提佛珠
星月菩提佛珠

Some smaller versions exist with 54 or 27 beads. A very common feature is the 109th bead, known as the guru bead or mother bead. This special bead is not counted during the practice. The beads are held together on a string made of natural fibers like silk, cotton, or animal hair. Today, people also use synthetic materials like nylon or plastic.

Japa mala (prayer beads) of Tulasi wood with 108 beads - 20040101-01
Japa mala (prayer beads) of Tulasi wood with 108 beads - 20040101-01

No one knows exactly where the mala began. Using beads for counting is a very old practice in many cultures.

Lotus seeds on a mala jan 10
Lotus seeds on a mala jan 10

There are no mentions of malas in the oldest Buddhist books. This makes it hard to know if they started with Buddhists or other groups like Brahmins or Jains. One early Buddhist text says a king asked the Buddha for a way to free people from suffering. The Buddha told him to make a mala from soapberry seeds. This text suggests the mala should be worn at all times.

Bodhi seed mala
Bodhi seed mala

Different religions use different materials for their beads. In Hinduism, followers of Shiva often use rudraksha beads from fruit stones.

Shiva cropped
Shiva cropped

Followers of Vishnu might use beads made from tulasi wood. In Tibetan Buddhism, people use many types of beads. They might choose precious stones like lapis lazuli or agate.

Evening pray (edited)
Evening pray (edited)

They even use colors to match their goals. White beads are used for peace, while red beads are used for power. Some people even use beads made of bone or metal.

Malas are similar to other prayer beads found around the world. For example, Muslims use beads called misbaha. Christians use a tool called a rosary.

In Japan, Buddhist beads are called juzu. Different sects in Japan use different shapes and materials. Some Japanese malas are made from woods like rosewood or plumwood. During services, people may rub the beads together. This creates a soft grinding noise that is seen as a way to show respect.

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🖼️ Images & Media (20)
File:1720 CE Brahma on hamsa, Pahari school of chitra, Mankot Himachal Pradesh.jpg
1720 CE Brahma on hamsa, Pahari school of...
File:孝莊文皇后.jpg
孝莊文皇后.jpg
File:Eight Patriarchs of the Shingon Sect of Buddhism Kukai Cropped.jpg
Eight Patriarchs of the Shingon Sect of...
File:Shiva cropped.jpg
Shiva cropped.jpg
File:Rudraksha mala.jpg
Rudraksha mala.jpg
File:星月菩提佛珠.jpg
星月菩提佛珠.jpg
File:Lotus_seeds_on_a_mala_jan_10.jpg
Lotus_seeds_on_a_mala_jan_10.jpg
File:Evening pray (edited).jpg
Evening pray (edited).jpg
File:Making Prayer Beads (Juzu) in Japan (1914 by Elstner Hilton).jpg
Making Prayer Beads (Juzu) in Japan (1914...
File:Juzu2.jpg
Juzu2.jpg
File:Nirenjyodo.jpg
Nirenjyodo.jpg
File:Buddhist prayer beads 07.JPG
Buddhist prayer beads 07.JPG

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