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Incantation

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An incantation is a special formula used to create a magical effect.

Abracadabra triangle (cropped)
Abracadabra triangle (cropped)

People might speak, sing, or chant these words to reach their goal. The way the words are said is very important for the result. A person might use a certain tone or a specific rhyme. The placement of words in the formula can change everything. In many stories, wizards, witches, and fairies use these charms.

The Enchanted Garden of Messer Ansaldo by Marie Spartali Stillman (1889)
The Enchanted Garden of Messer Ansaldo by Marie Spartali Stillman (1889)

These magical performers are often called enchanters or enchantresses.

How an incantation works can vary a lot. Some people use magic words that have a specific power. These are sometimes called words of power. In fantasy books, these words might even be nonsense phrases. Some people believe these words come from a secret or divine language. Even stage magicians use special words to perform their tricks. Common examples include "Abracadabra," "Alakazam," or "Hocus Pocus."

Orlando Furioso 13
Orlando Furioso 13

Some heroes in comic books use magic words to start their powers.

History shows that people have used incantations for a long time. In ancient Babylon, people used rituals to burn images of enemies. They had specific series of texts called Šurpu and Maqlû. In Mesopotamia, the Udug-hul incantations were used to drive away demons. These demons were thought to cause things like illness or anxiety. In the Orient, people used incantations to charm snakes out of hiding.

A compleat history of magik, sorcery, and wi Wellcome L0026620
A compleat history of magik, sorcery, and wi Wellcome L0026620

Many old written records of magic were lost over time. This happened because major religions like Islam, Judaism, and Christianity saw magic as immoral.

Many different cultures have their own special collections of magic. The Atharvaveda and Rigveda are collections of charms and hymns. There are also the Merseburg charms from the medieval period. Some people use the term "mantra" for a sacred sound or phrase. In Japan, there is a belief called Kotodama about the power of words.

Book of incantations f.7v
Book of incantations f.7v

Many of these traditions use very old or sacred languages. For example, Hebrew is used in Judaism. Using old words can make the ritual feel more pure or true.

Thinkers have wondered why words seem to have such power. S. J. Tambiah suggested that people believe words can influence the whole universe. Bronisław Malinowski thought that using the right words gives people more power. He believed that magical speech is a special kind of ritual act. This is different from the scientific language we use to describe facts. Magical language is often emotive and uses symbols to show feelings. It creates a link between a ritual and the wide world.

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File:Book of incantations f.7v.png
Book of incantations f.7v.png
File:The Enchanted Garden of Messer Ansaldo by Marie Spartali Stillman (1889).jpg
The Enchanted Garden of Messer Ansaldo by...
File:Abracadabra triangle (cropped).jpg
Abracadabra triangle (cropped).jpg
File:Orlando Furioso 13.jpg
Orlando Furioso 13.jpg
File:A_compleat_history_of_magik,_sorcery,_and_wi_Wellcome_L0026620.jpg
A_compleat_history_of_magik,_sorcery,_and_...
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