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Identity document

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An identity document, or ID, is a tool used to prove who a person is.

Indonesian identity card
Indonesian identity card

If the document is a plastic card, it is often called an identity card. When the document includes a picture of your face, it is known as a photo ID.

Thai National ID card 2017 version
Thai National ID card 2017 version

These documents help connect a person to their own information in a computer database. This database might hold a person's full name, birth date, and home address. It may also list a person's gender, citizenship, or a special identification number. Using a unique national number is a very secure way to manage this information.

Macau ID card 2013
Macau ID card 2013

Identity documents work by linking personal details to a central record. Some countries require people to carry these documents at all times. If a person does not have an ID, other papers might work. For example, many places will accept a driver's license to verify who you are. However, some countries do not accept driver's licenses for this purpose. They might do this because those licenses do not expire or are easy to fake. Most countries around the world will accept a passport as a form of identification.

New Austrian ID Card (2021)
New Austrian ID Card (2021)

History shows that ID documents have changed a lot over many centuries. One of the earliest versions of a passport was created by King Henry V of England. He introduced the Safe Conducts Act in the year 1414. For the next 500 years, most people did not need an identity document. Photographic ID first appeared in 1876, but it was not common yet. It became widely used in the early 20th century when photos joined passports.

1941 Italian Blackshirt identity card issued to a Ferroviaria Legion 10 member
1941 Italian Blackshirt identity card issued to a Ferroviaria Legion 10 member

In 1915, both Great Britain and Australia began requiring photographic passports.

Persoonskaart
Persoonskaart

Modern technology has made identity cards much more advanced today. In 1985, the size and shape of these cards became standardized.

National ID card policy
National ID card policy

Some modern cards are called smart cards because they have tiny computer parts inside. These parts were standardized in 1988 to make them harder to forge.

ZA Smart ID Front
ZA Smart ID Front

New technology even allows cards to hold biometric information. This includes things like fingerprints, face measurements, or iris measurements. Many countries now issue electronic identity cards to their citizens.

The People's Republic of China resident identity card (SAMPLE)
The People's Republic of China resident identity card (SAMPLE)

People have many different opinions about using national identity cards. Some officials say these cards make it easier to find criminals. Others worry that large databases might hurt personal privacy or civil liberties. In some places, like Egypt, it is compulsory for citizens age 16 or older to have an ID.

Carte d'identité tunisienne recto2
Carte d'identité tunisienne recto2

In other places, like the United States or Canada, they are not required for all citizens.

Some people prefer using driver's licenses or even their own DNA for identification. Every person carries their own unique DNA, which is very hard to change or fake.

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🖼️ Images & Media (65)
File:1941 Italian Blackshirt identity card issued to a Ferroviaria Legion 10 member.jpg
1941 Italian Blackshirt identity card...
File:National ID card policy.svg
National ID card policy.svg
File:Persoonskaart.jpg
Persoonskaart.jpg
File:ZA Smart ID Front.png
ZA Smart ID Front.png
File:ZA Smart ID Reverse.png
ZA Smart ID Reverse.png
File:Carte d'identité tunisienne recto2.jpg
Carte d'identité tunisienne recto2.jpg
File:The People's Republic of China resident identity card (SAMPLE).png
The People's Republic of China resident...
File:Indonesian identity card.jpg
Indonesian identity card.jpg
File:The Example of the Biometric Teudat Zehut front side.jpg
The Example of the Biometric Teudat Zehut...
File:KuwaitiID.jpg
KuwaitiID.jpg
File:Macau ID card 2013.jpg
Macau ID card 2013.jpg
File:Macau ID card back 2013.jpg
Macau ID card back 2013.jpg

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