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Homs

geography Maturity 11-13 Next article →

Homs is a major city located in western Syria.

Homs satellite
Homs satellite

It sits north of the capital city, Damascus. The Orontes River flows through the area. This location makes Homs a central link. It connects the inland cities to the Mediterranean coast.

D025-vue générale de homs.-L2-Ch4
D025-vue générale de homs.-L2-Ch4

Before the recent civil war, it was a large industrial hub. The city was the third-largest in Syria. It sat between Aleppo to the north and Damascus to the south. In 2004, the population was at least 652,609 people.

The city has many different religious groups living together. You can find Sunni and Alawite Muslims and Christians there.

Ibn-Whalid-Moschee
Ibn-Whalid-Moschee

Many historic mosques and churches stand in the city. It is also close to the Krak des Chevaliers castle. This castle is a famous World Heritage Site. The city's name comes from its older name, Emesa. Some say this name came from a local Arab tribe. Other ideas link the name to a nearby fortress.

The Citadel of Homs. Homs, a desert town between Damascus and Aleppo. the Australian Light Horse are bivouacked in the foreground. Art.IWMART1578
The Citadel of Homs. Homs, a desert town between Damascus and Aleppo. the Australian Light Horse are bivouacked in the foreground. Art.IWMART1578

Homs has a history that goes back a very long time. Some excavations show people lived at the Citadel around 2300 BCE. In 1274 BCE, a huge battle took place nearby. This was between the Egyptian and Hittite empires. It happened at Kadesh on the Orontes River. This may have been one of the largest chariot battles ever.

1281BattleOfHoms
1281BattleOfHoms

Later, the Emesene dynasty ruled the city as kings. They were friends with the Roman Empire. The city grew very wealthy during Roman times. It even began to mint its own coins.

Monnaie frappée en la cité d'Emese
Monnaie frappée en la cité d'Emese

Religion has changed many times in Homs. Long ago, it was a center for a sun god named El-Gabal.

Bronze-Uranius Antoninus-Elagabal stone-SGI 4414
Bronze-Uranius Antoninus-Elagabal stone-SGI 4414

Later, Christianity became very important under the Byzantine Empire. In 452, a head linked to John the Baptist was found nearby. This made the city a major center for the church. In the 7th century, Muslim forces took control of the city. They made Homs the capital of a new district.

Vase d'Émèse (Louvre, Bj 1895)
Vase d'Émèse (Louvre, Bj 1895)

The city has faced many hard times in recent years. During the Syrian civil war, much of Homs was devastated.

Homs 13970819 18
Homs 13970819 18

People are now working to rebuild the damaged parts. Homs was once famous for its big cotton industry. It also has an oil refinery to help the economy.

Oil refinery in Homs, 2010
Oil refinery in Homs, 2010

In December 2024, rebels entered and took control of the city. Even with these changes, Homs remains a key place in Syria. It continues to be a place of trade and history.

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🖼️ Images & Media (25)
File:Emesa helmet (profile).jpg
Emesa helmet (profile).jpg
File:Tomb of Sampsigeramus 1907 2.jpg
Tomb of Sampsigeramus 1907 2.jpg
File:Monnaie frappée en la cité d'Emese.jpg
Monnaie frappée en la cité d'Emese.jpg
File:Bronze-Uranius Antoninus-Elagabal stone-SGI 4414.jpg
Bronze-Uranius Antoninus-Elagabal...
File:Vase d'Émèse (Louvre, Bj 1895).jpg
Vase d'Émèse (Louvre, Bj 1895).jpg
File:Frescos in Saint Elian Church - Hims, Syria.jpg
Frescos in Saint Elian Church - Hims, Syria.jpg
File:Interior - Al-Nuri Mosque - Hims, Syria.jpg
Interior - Al-Nuri Mosque - Hims, Syria.jpg
File:1281BattleOfHoms.JPG
1281BattleOfHoms.JPG
File:BattleOfHoms1299.JPG
BattleOfHoms1299.JPG
File:18th century original drawing of the castle of Hims by Cassas.jpg
18th century original drawing of the...
File:D025-vue générale de homs.-L2-Ch4.png
D025-vue générale de homs.-L2-Ch4.png
File:Ibn-Whalid-Moschee.jpg
Ibn-Whalid-Moschee.jpg

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