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Harpsichord

arts Maturity 9-11 Next article →

A harpsichord is a beautiful keyboard instrument that makes music by plucking strings.

ClavecinRuckers&Taskin
ClavecinRuckers&Taskin

It belongs to a family of similar instruments like the small virginals, muselar, and spinet. Musicians love it because it can play solo or help other instruments in a group. During the Baroque era, it was a standard part of the continuo group. This means it helped provide the steady musical foundation for other players. Today, people still play it to perform older music or even in new songs.

Klikli
Klikli

To make a sound, the instrument uses a clever mechanical system. When you press a key, the back end of the key rises up. This action lifts a thin strip of wood called a jack.

HarpsichordMechanism-EN
HarpsichordMechanism-EN

Each jack holds a tiny wedge called a plectrum. In the past, makers used bird quill or leather for these. Today, many builders use plastic instead. The plectrum reaches out and plucks a single string to create a note.

Jack diagram-EN
Jack diagram-EN

When you let go of the key, a felt damper stops the vibration.

Harpsichord jack action
Harpsichord jack action

The history of this instrument stretches back hundreds of years. It was likely invented in the late 14th century. Early models were quite small and had a very high pitch. By the 16th century, Italian makers created lightweight designs with thin walls. Later, the Ruckers family in the Southern Netherlands made much heavier instruments. These had steel strings that produced a powerful and distinctive tone.

Ms 7295 f 128 Henri Arnault de Zwolle
Ms 7295 f 128 Henri Arnault de Zwolle

These Flemish designs became the model for many other countries.

Different countries developed their own special ways to build harpsichords. In France, makers like the Blanchet family created very flexible instruments. They used double keyboards to control different sets of strings. In England, firms like Kirkman and Shudi made very powerful models. German builders like Michael Mietke and Hieronymus Albrecht Hass even added extra strings. Some strings sounded an octave higher or lower than the others.

MDMB 418, detall de clavicèmbal, Christian Zell, Museu de la Música de Barcelona
MDMB 418, detall de clavicèmbal, Christian Zell, Museu de la Música de Barcelona

These extra sets of strings are called choirs. They allow the player to change the volume or the tone.

Resonance Chladni Soundboard Harpsichord Clavecin
Resonance Chladni Soundboard Harpsichord Clavecin

Around the year 1700, a new instrument changed everything. Bartolomeo Cristofori built the first piano. Unlike the harpsichord, the piano uses hammers to strike the strings. This allows a player to control how loud or soft each note is. Because of this, the piano slowly replaced the harpsichord by the late 18th century. The harpsichord almost disappeared for most of the 1800s. However, it made a big comeback in the 20th century. Modern builders now work hard to recreate the old traditions of the Baroque period.

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🖼️ Images & Media (17)
File:ClavecinRuckers&Taskin.JPG
ClavecinRuckers&Taskin.JPG
File:Ms 7295 f 128 Henri Arnault de Zwolle.jpg
Ms 7295 f 128 Henri Arnault de Zwolle.jpg
File:MDMB 418, detall de clavicèmbal, Christian Zell, Museu de la Música de Barcelona.jpg
MDMB 418, detall de clavicèmbal,...
File:HarpsichordMechanism-EN.svg
HarpsichordMechanism-EN.svg
File:Jack diagram-EN.svg
Jack diagram-EN.svg
File:Harpsichord jack action.svg
Harpsichord jack action.svg
File:Resonance Chladni Soundboard Harpsichord Clavecin.jpg
Resonance Chladni Soundboard Harpsichord...
File:035 Museu de la Música.jpg
035 Museu de la Música.jpg
File:Klikli.jpg
Klikli.jpg
File:Shove Coupler.svg
Shove Coupler.svg
File:Dogleg shove coupler.svg
Dogleg shove coupler.svg
File:ShortOctaveOnC.svg
ShortOctaveOnC.svg

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