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George Meany

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George Meany was a central figure in the American labor movement during the 20th century. He served as a labor union administrator for 57 years. Meany is most famous for creating the AFL–CIO, which is a massive federation of many different unions. He served as its very first president from 1955 until 1979. This organization helped organize millions of workers across the United States. Meany was known for his strong leadership and his fight against corruption within unions.

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Meany’s journey began in a large family in Harlem, New York City. He was born on August 16, 1894, to Irish-American parents. His father, Michael Meany, was a plumber and a local union president. Following in his father's footsteps, George became a plumber at a young age. He left high school at age 16 to begin working. After his father died in 1916, George became the main provider for his mother and six siblings. To earn extra money, he even played semiprofessional baseball as a catcher.

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MeanyLID

His career in union leadership moved from local work to national importance. In 1920, he joined the executive board of a plumber's union. By 1923, he was a secretary for the New York City Building Trades Council. In 1934, he became the president of the New York State Federation of Labor. He moved to Washington, D.C., in 1939 to serve as the national secretary-treasurer for the American Federation of Labor (AFL). During World War II, he represented the AFL on the National War Labor Board. He gained a reputation for being a diligent and effective speaker.

Meany was a very strong anticommunist throughout his career. This meant he was deeply opposed to the influence of communism in the United States. In 1945, he organized a boycott against the World Federation of Trade Unions. He believed this group was a communist front. During the late 1940s, he dealt with the Taft-Hartley Act of 1947. This law required union officials to sign loyalty oaths. Meany famously stated he would go even further to prove he was not a comrade to communists. This stance helped define the political direction of many American unions.

His greatest professional achievement was the merger of two large labor groups. In 1952, Meany became the president of the AFL. He wanted to merge the AFL with the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO). This was a difficult process that lasted three years. Many leaders, such as John L. Lewis and Mike Quill, fought against the merger. Meany used a "short route" to finish the deal. He decided to accept all unions into the new group exactly as they were. This allowed the merger to complete in December 1955. The new AFL–CIO immediately had 15 million members.

Nixon and Meany 1969 cropped
Nixon and Meany 1969 cropped

Meany also dedicated much of his time to fighting corruption. He believed that organized crime and dishonesty had no place in labor unions. In 1953, he expelled the International Longshoremen's Association due to racketeering concerns. He also fought to reform the United Textile Workers of America after discovering theft. One of his biggest battles was against the International Brotherhood of Teamsters. After televised hearings exposed misconduct, Meany refused to let corrupt leaders stay in power. He eventually ousted the Teamsters from the AFL–CIO in 1957. He even created a Committee on Ethical Practices to investigate misconduct.

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MeanyLID

In his later years, Meany’s views on foreign policy and politics remained very clear. He consistently supported President Lyndon B. Johnson’s policies during the Vietnam War. In 1966, he insisted that AFL–CIO unions give unqualified support to the war. He viewed the conflict as a struggle for "brother trade unionists" against communism. Meany also expressed contempt for the New Left, a political movement that criticized labor leaders. He remained a highly influential and well-known figure in American life until he passed away on January 10, 1980.

Nixon and Meany 1969 cropped
Nixon and Meany 1969 cropped
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