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Walter Reuther

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Walter Philip Reuther was a major American labor leader and civil rights activist.

Walter Reuther Department of Labor Hall of Honor
Walter Reuther Department of Labor Hall of Honor

He served as the fourth president of the United Automobile Workers (UAW). He held this position from 1946 until his death in 1970. Reuther did not view labor unions as narrow interest groups. Instead, he saw them as tools to advance social justice. He believed unions could improve human rights in democratic societies. Through the UAW, he fought for many different causes. These included civil rights, women's rights, and universal health care. He also supported public education and environmental stewardship.

Reuther brothers busts
Reuther brothers busts

Reuther's early life in Wheeling, West Virginia, shaped his deep beliefs. His father, Valentine, was a Socialist union organizer. Every Sunday, Valentine led debates for his five children. They discussed topics like child labor and women's suffrage. These discussions taught Walter to think critically about social issues. The family lived frugally to save money. His mother, Anna, even made clothes from used flour sacks. When his father was injured, Walter began working at age nine. He later worked in a factory during high school. There, he experienced dangerous working conditions firsthand.

Reuther brothers busts
Reuther brothers busts

In 1927, Reuther and his brother Victor went on a three-year world tour. They traveled through Europe, Turkey, Iran, India, and China. They even spent time bicycling through Japan. They worked in a Soviet Union auto plant in Gorky. The factories there were often 30 to 40 degrees below zero. This journey taught Reuther that all people share basic goals. He saw that everyone wants job security and freedom. This realization drove him to join the labor movement in Detroit. He wanted to help American workers build democratic unions.

Reuther brothers busts
Reuther brothers busts

Reuther became a key figure in the UAW through direct action. In December 1936, he led a surprise strike at Kelsey Hayes. This company supplied parts to the Ford Motor Company. Workers were protesting the dangerous speed of the assembly line. The strike lasted for ten days. During this time, thousands of supporters blocked the plant doors. The strike was a major victory for the UAW. Reuther insisted that women receive equal pay for equal work. This pay was set at 75 cents an hour. Membership in Local 174 grew from 200 to 35,000 in one year.

Sound car for West Side Local 174 used by Walter Reuther to organize UAW members
Sound car for West Side Local 174 used by Walter Reuther to organize UAW members

Reuther was a powerful force in American politics. He cofounded the AFL-CIO in 1955 with George Meany. He also had a large influence within the Democratic Party. He represented five million autoworkers and their families. In 1961, President John F. Kennedy sent him to Cuba. Reuther negotiated a prisoner exchange with Fidel Castro. He was also instrumental in creating the Peace Corps. He worked closely with President Lyndon B. Johnson. They met weekly at the White House to discuss the "Great Society." These meetings helped shape policies for the War on Poverty.

Eleanor Roosevelt, Walter Reuther, Milton Eisenhowerand Cuban Invasion Prisoners Delegation in Washington... - NARA - 196284
Eleanor Roosevelt, Walter Reuther, Milton Eisenhowerand Cuban Invasion Prisoners Delegation in Washington... - NARA - 196284

As a civil rights ally, Reuther worked alongside Martin Luther King Jr.

1963 march on washington
1963 march on washington

He marched with King in cities like Selma and Birmingham. When protestors were jailed in Alabama, Reuther arranged $160,000 for their release. He also helped organize the March on Washington in 1963. Reuther spoke from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial. He also supported Cesar Chavez and the United Farm Workers. His activism helped pass the Civil Rights Act of 1964. He also supported the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and the Fair Housing Act. These laws were major steps toward equality in America.

March-on-washington-jobs-freedom-program
March-on-washington-jobs-freedom-program

Reuther's influence extended to environmental and global issues. He was a lifelong environmentalist who supported nuclear nonproliferation. He played a critical role in funding the first Earth Day. This event took place on April 22, 1970. Organizers said the UAW's help was essential to its success. Sadly, Reuther died in a plane accident weeks later. He was 62 years old. In 1995, President Bill Clinton gave him the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Clinton called him a visionary who was ahead of his time. Time Magazine named him one of the 100 most influential people of the 20th century.

Walter Reuther Department of Labor Hall of Honor
Walter Reuther Department of Labor Hall of Honor
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File:Walter_Reuther_sign_in_Wheeling,_West_Virginia.jpg
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File:Reuther brothers busts.jpg
Reuther brothers busts.jpg
File:Sound_car_for_West_Side_Local_174_used_by_Walter_Reuther_to_organize_UAW_members.jpg
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I-696.svg
File:Labor-Strike-Ford Motor Company-Walter Reuther fifth from the left-Richard Frankensteen sixth from the left - NARA - 195593.jpg
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File:President_Eisenhower_and_labor_leaders_AFL-CIO_building_dedication_1956.jpg
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File:Nehru and Reuther picture.jpg
Nehru and Reuther picture.jpg
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File:Photograph of President Truman in the Oval Office, conferring with labor leader Walter Reuther, president of the... - NARA - 200406.jpg
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File:Civil Rights March on Washington, D.C. (Leaders of the march posing in front of the statue of Abraham Lincoln... - NARA - 542063 (cropped).jpg
Civil Rights March on Washington, D.C....
File:1963 march on washington.jpg
1963 march on washington.jpg

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