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John L. Lewis

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John Llewellyn Lewis was a central figure in the American labor movement.

Portrait of John L. Lewis
Portrait of John L. Lewis

He served as the ninth president of the United Mine Workers of America (UMW) for forty years. He also became the first president of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO). Lewis helped organize millions of industrial workers during the Great Depression. His leadership changed the lives of many workers through higher wages and better benefits. Because of his influence, he often represented the broader goals and struggles of American labor.

Lewis was born on February 12, 1880, in Lucas County, Iowa. His parents were immigrants from Llangurig, Wales.

John--L-Lewis-United-Mine-Workers-President-Lucas-Iowa
John--L-Lewis-United-Mine-Workers-President-Lucas-Iowa

He grew up in a company town built around a coal mine. Lewis did not finish high school. At age 17, he began working in the Big Hill Mine. He later tried running for mayor and starting a business, but both failed. He returned to mining and eventually became a local union leader in Panama, Illinois. In 1911, Samuel Gompers hired him as a full-time organizer for the American Federation of Labor (AFL).

Lewis rose to power through intense organizing and leadership. In 1919, he led the first major union-led coal strike. During this strike, 400,000 miners walked off their jobs.

Although President Woodrow Wilson obtained an injunction to stop the strike, Lewis remained a dominant force. He was elected president of the UMW in 1920. As president, he moved the union toward a centralized leadership model. He promoted industrial unionism, which organizes all workers in an industry together. He also supported competitive capitalism and fought against communist influence within the union.

His leadership style was often described as controversial. Lewis used his power to maintain tight control over the union's districts. He fought bitter battles against rivals, including those led by William Z. Foster. In 1928, Lewis expelled leftist members from the UMW. Some critics called him a dictator or a "class traitor."

However, many followers remained extremely loyal to him. They credited his strategic skills and powerful speaking with winning them higher wages and better safety standards. Even during economic recessions, he fought to protect the earnings miners had gained.

During the Great Depression, Lewis expanded his influence significantly. He helped found the CIO to promote industrial unionism within the AFL.

The CIO brought together ten allied industrial unions. This group won major collective bargaining agreements with massive corporations like General Motors and U.S. Steel. These companies were previously very anti-union. In 1938, the CIO was expelled from the AFL. This led to a period of competition between the two groups until they merged in 1955.

Lewis also played a major role in American politics. Although he was a member of the Republican Party, he supported Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt. In 1936, the UMW made a massive contribution of over $500,000 to Roosevelt's re-election campaign.

Lewis helped secure the Guffey Coal Act of 1935 to stabilize the coal industry. This was later replaced by the Guffey-Vinson Act in 1937 after the Supreme Court ruled the first act unconstitutional. These laws helped create a "golden era" for coal miners.

His political views shifted as World War II approached. Lewis broke with President Roosevelt in 1940 because he disagreed with American involvement in the war. He supported the Republican candidate, Wendell Willkie. After Willkie lost, Lewis resigned from the CIO and moved the UMW back to the AFL. However, after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Lewis changed his stance. He pledged the full support of his union to the war effort. His life remains a study in how organized labor can reshape the economy and government policy.

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🖼️ Images & Media (10)
File:John L. Lewis 1919.jpg
John L. Lewis 1919.jpg
File:Portrait of John L. Lewis.jpg
Portrait of John L. Lewis.jpg
File:Capital and Labor leaders at White House. Washington, D.C., Jan. 14. Shown leaving the White House after a conference with President Roosevelt, where they presented some recommendations for LCCN2016878002 Trim.jpg
Capital and Labor leaders at White House....
File:Untitled photo, possibly related to Shenandoah, Pennsylvania John L. Lewis, center, at the stadium on the occasion of a district meeting of the mine workers, seen among a crowd of people Trim.jpg
Untitled photo, possibly related to...
File:At Labor Non-Partisan League Convention, Washington, D.C. August 1. As the labor non-partisan league opened its first convention in Washington today, John L. Lewis, President of the mine LCCN2016878354 Trim.jpg
At Labor Non-Partisan League Convention,...
File:Kennedy tetlow lewis.jpg
Kennedy tetlow lewis.jpg
File:Lewis1946.jpg
Lewis1946.jpg
File:John--L-Lewis-United-Mine-Workers-President-Lucas-Iowa.jpg
John--L-Lewis-United-Mine-Workers-Presiden...
File:Who, Me?.jpg
Who, Me?.jpg
File:Jersey Homesteads mural detail 4.jpg
Jersey Homesteads mural detail 4.jpg
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