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Fried chicken

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Fried chicken is a culinary dish consisting of chicken pieces coated in seasoned flour or batter. The cooking process involves pan-frying, deep-frying, pressure-frying, or air-frying. This method creates a crisp exterior crust that protects the meat. This crust helps to retain the natural juices within the chicken. Most modern preparations utilize broiler chickens for this purpose. People often describe the texture as crunchy or crispy. They may also describe the flavor as salty, spicy, or greasy.

Fried chicken, fried okra and mac & cheese from Mary Mac's Tea Room in Atlanta
Fried chicken, fried okra and mac & cheese from Mary Mac's Tea Room in Atlanta

Preparation begins by dividing the chicken into specific parts. The white meat includes the breast and the wings. The dark meat includes the thighs and the drumsticks. Cooks often split the breast into two pieces. They may also make chicken fingers from boneless breast strips. Before frying, the meat is often marinated. Some cooks dip the pieces in buttermilk to tenderize them. This is done because the acidity of the buttermilk acts as a tenderizer. The meat is then dredged in flour or breadcrumbs. These coatings often include seasonings like salt, black pepper, garlic powder, or paprika.

There are three primary methods used to cook the chicken. Pan frying, or shallow frying, uses a sturdy pan with a limited amount of fat. The cook heats the fat to seal the chicken before reducing the temperature. This process can create "fonds," which are browned bits used to make gravy. Deep frying requires submerging the chicken completely in hot fat. A constant temperature must be maintained during this process. A third method uses a pressure cooker to accelerate cooking. This technique, sometimes called "broasting," uses steam to cook the meat. The pressure helps the chicken stay moist while the coating becomes crisp.

Deep frying chicken upper wing
Deep frying chicken upper wing

The history of fried chicken involves several different cultures. The Scots were recorded deep-frying chicken with breadcrumbs in the 1700s. At the same time, West African traditions included seasoned fried chicken cooked in palm oil. In the American South, these two traditions eventually merged. Enslaved Africans brought deep knowledge of chicken as a sacred and common farm animal. While plantation owners often ignored chicken, enslaved people used their expertise to prepare it. This knowledge helped create the Southern fried chicken we know today.

Paschal's fried chicken
Paschal's fried chicken

In the American South, fried chicken held deep social significance. For enslaved and segregated African-American women, selling poultry provided an independent economy. Because ingredients were expensive, fried chicken was a rare dish for special occasions. It became a common staple after the abolition of slavery. The dish also traveled well in hot weather before refrigeration was common. This helped its popularity spread across the region. Today, it remains a top choice for "Sunday dinner" in many Southern homes. It is even a mainstay for Southern Jewish Shabbat dinners alongside challah bread.

Many unique regional variations of the dish exist. In Nashville, Tennessee, "hot chicken" is prepared with a cayenne pepper paste. Serbian immigrants in Barberton, Ohio, created "Barberton chicken." Some restaurants serve "chicken and waffles," which combines breakfast and dinner elements. There is also "popcorn chicken," which consists of small, boneless morsels. In the 20th century, fast food chains like KFC and Popeyes expanded the dish globally. These companies helped transform fried chicken from a regional specialty into a worldwide phenomenon.

Understanding the nutritional content is also important. An average whole fried chicken contains approximately 12% fat. However, wings tend to be higher in fat than other parts. A standard serving of fried chicken generally contains about 240 calories. Some people limit their consumption to manage their fat intake. A 2019 study of postmenopausal women noted certain health risks. It found that eating at least one serving per week was associated with higher mortality risks. This study specifically looked at all-cause and cardiovascular mortality rates.

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File:Fried chicken, fried okra and mac & cheese from Mary Mac's Tea Room in Atlanta.jpg
Fried chicken, fried okra and mac &...
File:Deep_frying_chicken_upper_wing.JPG
Deep_frying_chicken_upper_wing.JPG
File:Paschal's fried chicken.jpg
Paschal's fried chicken.jpg
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