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Meat pie

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A meat pie is a savory dish made of pastry and a meat filling.

Chicken Pie
Chicken Pie

These pies are found in many different cuisines across the entire world. Most meat pies are prepared by baking, frying, or deep-frying the pastry. These cooking methods brown the crust to develop flavor through the Maillard reaction. This reaction is a chemical process that occurs when heat is applied to food. To achieve a flaky texture, many recipes incorporate butter into the dough. The butter creates layers within the pastry during the baking process.

Creating a meat pie involves several specific culinary steps. First, a cook must prepare the pastry shell or crust. Depending on the tradition, this dough might include flour, water, oil, or butter. Some doughs use lard to create a stiff, upright structure.

Meat piee
Meat piee

Next, the cook prepares the savory filling. This filling often consists of minced beef, but it can include many other ingredients. For example, Nigerian meat pies frequently include potatoes and carrots. The filling is then encased within the pastry. Finally, the pie is cooked using heat from an oven, hot coals, or oil.

Meat pies have evolved through many distinct stages and styles. In the medieval period, cooks made tall, straight-sided crusts called "coffins" or "coffyns." These were essentially pastry boxes with sealed floors and lids.

Lihapiirakka
Lihapiirakka

Another type was the "trap," which was an open-crust pastry without a top. These medieval versions used very thick crusts to act as a cooking vessel. In contrast, the French and Italians later redefined pastry techniques. They used rolling and folding methods to make the crusts much lighter. By 1440, the Paris pastry guild helped expand these modern crust styles.

The history of meat pies stretches back to the Neolithic period, around 6000 BC. These early free-form pies were known as galettes.

Fatayer
Fatayer

Ancient Egyptians made basic pies using grains like oat, wheat, rye, and barley. They often filled these with honey and baked them over hot coals. The ancient Greeks used a flour-water paste to wrap meat. The Romans adopted these Greek styles but added different fillings. Romans used meats, oysters, mussels, lampreys, and fish. However, Roman pastry was often discarded rather than eaten.

Jinyun Shaobing sold from Huangdao Service Area (20191004135437)
Jinyun Shaobing sold from Huangdao Service Area (20191004135437)

Regional variations of meat pies are incredibly diverse. In the Middle East, sfiha is a meat pie containing ground beef, tahini, and pine nuts. Greek kreatopita uses ground beef and feta cheese wrapped in thin phyllo dough.

Fatayer
Fatayer

In India, samosas are meat pies filled with ingredients like spiced potatoes or lentils. Turkmenistan features ishlekli, which shepherds traditionally baked in hot desert sand. In Latin America, empanadas serve as a common meat pie variation. These can be made from cornmeal or puff pastry and often include onions and peppers.

MeatPie
MeatPie

Specific cultural examples highlight the importance of these dishes. In Australia, the meat pie is a common convenience food. It is sold in many places, including bakeries, supermarkets, and even petrol stations. An Australian version of an Irish pie includes Guinness Stout Beer, bacon, and onions.

Meat pie and mashed potatoes at a pub in Dublin
Meat pie and mashed potatoes at a pub in Dublin

In Canada, the French tradition of tourtière remains an iconic meat pie. In the United States, the Natchitoches meat pie is an official state food of Louisiana. While many American pies are sweet, the pot pie remains a savory staple.

Meat pies connect to broader culinary and historical systems. They demonstrate how ingredients like wheat and meat have been used for millennia. The evolution of the crust shows how different cultures mastered fat and dough. The transition from the inedible "coffin" to the flaky modern crust reflects changing cooking technologies. Even the name "pie" may be linked to the magpie bird. This connection suggests the idea of wrapping many different things together. Meat pies remain a global way to combine flavors and traditions.

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File:MeatPie.jpg
MeatPie.jpg
File:Meat pie and mashed potatoes at a pub in Dublin.jpg
Meat pie and mashed potatoes at a pub in...
File:Meat piee.png
Meat piee.png
File:Jinyun Shaobing sold from Huangdao Service Area (20191004135437).jpg
Jinyun Shaobing sold from Huangdao...
File:Fatayer.jpg
Fatayer.jpg
File:Lihapiirakka.jpg
Lihapiirakka.jpg
File:Chicken Pie.JPG
Chicken Pie.JPG
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