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Tart

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A tart is a specific type of baked dish. It consists of a filling placed over a pastry base. One defining feature is its open top. Unlike many other baked goods, a tart is not covered with a second layer of pastry. This design allows the filling to be visible. Most tarts use a type of dough called shortcrust pastry.

Raspberry tart
Raspberry tart

While many tarts are described as "tart" in taste, this is just a coincidence. The two meanings of the word actually come from different origins.

The construction of a tart follows a precise method. The baker creates a firm pastry base using flour to make the dough. This base must have perpendicular sides. Perpendicular means the sides stand straight up rather than slanting. This structure is vital because it allows the tart to be free-standing.

Akashi City Museum of Culture Hyogo pref Japan13s
Akashi City Museum of Culture Hyogo pref Japan13s

In contrast, a pie often has softer pastry and sloped sides. Because of those sloped sides, a pie usually requires a pie plate for service. A tart is sturdy enough to sit on its own.

There are many different varieties of tarts to explore. Some are sweet, while others are savoury. For example, a quiche is a family of savoury tarts. These usually feature a mostly custard filling. Other savoury options include the German Zwiebelkuchen, which is an onion tart. In the Alsace region, people make the Tarte à l'oignon. Switzerland also has a tradition of making cheese tarts using Gruyère cheese.

00 Lemon Meringue Tarts
00 Lemon Meringue Tarts

Sweet tarts are also incredibly diverse. A jam tart uses jam instead of fresh fruit. You might also encounter a meringue tart or a Bakewell tart. There is a specific style called Tarte Tatin. This is an upside-down tart made with apples, onions, or other fruits. Another common type is the Treacle tart. When a tart is made in a miniature size, it is called a tartlet. A common example of this is the egg tart.

Raspberry tart
Raspberry tart

The history of the tart is quite long. Tarts may have developed from the medieval tradition of making pies. They might also come from a tradition of layering different foods. One early example is the Italian crostata. This dates back to at least the mid-15th century. The crostata is described as a rustic, free-form version of an open fruit tart.

Akashi City Museum of Culture Hyogo pref Japan13s
Akashi City Museum of Culture Hyogo pref Japan13s

This shows that people have been enjoying open-faced pastries for hundreds of years.

Culinary technology changed how tarts were made in the 1500s. Around the year 1550, enriched dough became commonly used. This is the dough used to create shortcrust pastry. This change happened approximately 200 years after pies were already established. During this period, tarts were viewed as high-cuisine. They were very popular with the nobility. This was a sharp contrast to the commoner's pie.

00 Lemon Meringue Tarts
00 Lemon Meringue Tarts

Over time, tastes shifted from savoury meat fillings to sweet fruit and custard fillings.

Understanding tarts requires looking at how they relate to other baked goods. The categories of "tart," "flan," and "pie" often overlap. There are no sharp distinctions between all of them. For instance, the French word "tarte" can mean either a pie or a tart. The main difference remains the top layer. A pie usually covers the filling with pastry. Tarts and flans leave the filling open to the air.

Raspberry tart
Raspberry tart

This connection shows how different cultures categorize similar types of cooking.

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File:Raspberry tart.jpg
Raspberry tart.jpg
File:Akashi City Museum of Culture Hyogo pref Japan13s.jpg
Akashi City Museum of Culture Hyogo pref...
File:00 Lemon Meringue Tarts.jpg
00 Lemon Meringue Tarts.jpg
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