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Episkyros

sports Maturity 7-9 Next article →

Imagine a game where teams work hard to win. This game was called episkyros.

Volute Krater - Iliad - Geneva 3
Volute Krater - Iliad - Geneva 3

It was a famous ball game in Ancient Greece. Players had to use great teamwork to succeed. Most players were men in this sport. However, women also played the game sometimes. It was a way for people to show their skill.

Volute Krater - Iliad - Geneva 3
Volute Krater - Iliad - Geneva 3

How did the game work on the field?

Volute Krater - Iliad - Geneva 3
Volute Krater - Iliad - Geneva 3

Two teams played against each other. They used their hands to move the ball. The game allowed full contact between players. This means players could hit or touch each other. In Sparta, the game was quite violent. The goal was to throw the ball over the other team. Teams would switch possession of the ball very often.

Volute Krater - Iliad - Geneva 3
Volute Krater - Iliad - Geneva 3

There were special marks on the ground for the game. A white line called the 'metopon' sat between the teams. There was also a white line behind each team. A team lost if they were forced behind their line. In Sparta, they played a special version of the game. They played it during a big annual city festival. Five teams of 14 players joined this festival game.

Volute Krater - Iliad - Geneva 3
Volute Krater - Iliad - Geneva 3

History tells us how the game changed over time. The Romans later adopted the Greek game. They renamed it harpastum. This name means "snatched away" in Latin. It comes from the Greek word 'harpazein' to seize. This word is also linked to 'filch.' Other ball games existed in Greece too. There was 'euche' which means dribbling. There was also 'skyball' for players to play.

Volute Krater - Iliad - Geneva 3
Volute Krater - Iliad - Geneva 3

We can see traces of this game today. Episkyros is like rugby or American football. It is also like calcio storico fiorentino. One old vase shows an athlete with a ball. He is balancing the ball on his thigh. This image is on the European Cup football trophy. Another game called phaininda was also very tricky. It was named after a man named Phaenides. It might also come from a word meaning "to deceive."

Volute Krater - Iliad - Geneva 3
Volute Krater - Iliad - Geneva 3
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