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Elf

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Elves are magical beings found in Germanic folklore.

Ängsälvor - Nils Blommér 1850
Ängsälvor - Nils Blommér 1850

They appear often in North Germanic mythology. You can find mentions of them in the Icelandic Prose Edda. These beings were often thought to have supernatural beauty.

Beowulf - ylfe
Beowulf - ylfe

People believed elves had magical powers. They could be helpful to humans. They could also cause trouble for people. Their nature was often seen as ambivalent. This means they could be both good and bad.

In the past, people had many different ideas about elves.

Phonological development of the word elf in English
Phonological development of the word elf in English

Some believed elves were connected to the gods. Others thought they caused sudden illnesses. In Old English medical texts, elves were linked to pain. People believed elves could cause mental disorders too. Some even thought elves used magic to hurt livestock. This was sometimes called "elf-shot."

Eadwine Psalter f 66r detail of Christ and demons attacking psalmist
Eadwine Psalter f 66r detail of Christ and demons attacking psalmist

The history of the word "elf" is very old.

Phonological development of the word elf in English
Phonological development of the word elf in English

It comes from the Old English word "ælf." The word may have originally meant "white being." Some thinkers believe this refers to light. Others think it refers to beauty. In the Middle Ages, the word was used for both males and females. This changed from the earlier Old English period. Different Germanic languages used different names for these beings.

Many real names in history include the word elf.

Alden Valley - geograph.org.uk - 417197
Alden Valley - geograph.org.uk - 417197

For example, the name Alfred means "elf-advice." Another name, Ælfric, means "elf-powerful." There are also place names like Elveden in Suffolk. This name means "elves' hill." Other places like Elvendon mean "elves' valley." These names show that elves were often linked to nature. They were tied to woods and hills.

Today, we see elves in many different ways.

Rackham elves
Rackham elves

In the past, writers like William Shakespeare made them seem tiny and playful. This was seen in his play "A Midsummer Night's Dream." Later, German Romantic writers used this idea too. In the late 19th century, Christmas elves became popular in the United States.

Modern fantasy books changed them again. Authors like J.R.R. Tolkien wrote about human-sized elves. These elves are very common in movies and games today.

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🖼️ Images & Media (19)
File:Ängsälvor - Nils Blommér 1850.jpg
Ängsälvor - Nils Blommér 1850.jpg
File:Phonological development of the word elf in English.png
Phonological development of the word elf...
File:Alden Valley - geograph.org.uk - 417197.jpg
Alden Valley - geograph.org.uk - 417197.jpg
File:Eadwine Psalter f 66r detail of Christ and demons attacking psalmist.png
Eadwine Psalter f 66r detail of Christ...
File:Beowulf - ylfe.jpg
Beowulf - ylfe.jpg
File:Semantic field diagram of words for sentient beings in Old Norse.gif
Semantic field diagram of words for...
File:Glasgow Botanic Gardens. Kibble Palace. William Goscombe John - 'The Elf', 1899.jpg
Glasgow Botanic Gardens. Kibble Palace....
File:Margarethe-Luther-1527.jpg
Margarethe-Luther-1527.jpg
File:Scott-Minstrelsy-Works-v1-p195-True Thomas tune.jpg
Scott-Minstrelsy-Works-v1-p195-True...
File:Älvalek.jpg
Älvalek.jpg
File:Alfkors.svg
Alfkors.svg
File:Rackham elves.jpg
Rackham elves.jpg

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