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Dracaena (plant)

life science Maturity 5-7 Next article →

Dracaena is a very large group of living things. It includes about 200 to 220 different species. These plants can be trees or small shrubs. Scientists place them in the family Asparagaceae. The name comes from an old Greek word. It means "female dragon."

This group is very special to many people. Some species are kept as houseplants. They are good for homes with low light. They can also live with very little water. However, their leaf tips might turn brown if they get too dry.

There are two main ways these plants grow. The first type is called arborescent. These grow like trees or shrubs. They have thick stems above the ground. They can grow as tall as 20 metres. They branch out from nodes after they flower. The second type is called rhizomatous. These have stems called rhizomes that grow under the soil. Their leaves stay on the surface. These leaves can be long or shaped like a cylinder.

Scientists have changed how they group these plants over time. Before, some were in groups called Pleomele and Sansevieria. Now, those are all part of Dracaena. The plants used to be in families named Dracaenaceae or Agavaceae. Some parts of the group were once linked to Cordyline. Now, the APG IV system puts them in the subfamily Convallarioideae. This helps experts organize all the different species.

Most Dracaena species live in specific parts of the world. Many are native to Africa. This includes the Canary Islands and Socotra. You can also find them in southern Asia. Some grow in northern Australia. There are seven species in Hawai'i. Two species live in tropical Central America. One species is the Dracaena americana from Central America. Another is the Dracaena cinnabari from Socotra.

Some species have a very interesting trait. They produce a bright red resin. In ancient times, people collected this from Dracaena cinnabari. They also collected it from Dracaena draco. They called this red sap "dragon's blood." This sap has important social uses too. In many African societies, it marks graves. It is also used for sacred sites and farm plots.

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