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Dracaena (plant)

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Dracaena is a large genus of plants that includes between 200 and 220 different species. These plants are mostly trees or succulent shrubs. Scientists classify them within the family Asparagaceae. They belong to the subfamily Convallarioideae. The name Dracaena comes from the Ancient Greek word "drakaina," which means "female dragon." This name is quite fitting because some species produce a striking red resin. This resin is known as dragon's blood.

There are two primary growth types within this genus. The first type is called arborescent. These species grow like trees or shrubs. They possess stout stems that stay above the ground. These stems can reach heights of around 20 metres. They begin to branch from nodes after they finish flowering. They may also branch if the growth tip is severed. The second type is called rhizomatous. These plants have rhizomes, which are underground stems. Their leaves grow from the surface. These leaves can be shaped like a strap or a cylinder.

Arborescent Dracaena species have a unique way of growing thicker. They possess a secondary thickening meristem in their trunks. Some authors call this Dracaenoid thickening. This is very different from the thickening meristem found in dicotyledonous plants. This specific trait is shared with other members of the Asparagales order. These include members of the Agavoideae, Lomandroideae, and Xanthorrhoeoideae. This specialized growth helps the plant maintain its sturdy, tree-like structure.

Taxonomy, or the science of naming and grouping organisms, has changed for Dracaena. In the past, scientists used different names for some of these plants. The genera Pleomele and Sansevieria were once considered separate. Now, they are included within the Dracaena genus. The group has also been moved between different families. It was formerly placed in Dracaenaceae or Agavaceae. Under the APG IV classification system, it is now in Asparagaceae. This shows how scientific understanding evolves as new data emerges.

Most Dracaena species are native to specific regions of the world. The majority of them are found in Africa. This includes the Canary Islands and the island of Socotra. You can also find them in southern Asia and northern Australia. There are seven species native to Hawai'i. Two species are found in tropical Central America. For example, Dracaena americana is a dragon tree from Central America. Dracaena cinnabari is a famous species from Socotra.

Many species are popular as ornamental houseplants. For instance, Dracaena fragrans and Dracaena sanderiana are common in homes. D. sanderiana is often sold as "lucky bamboo." However, it only superficially resembles true bamboo. These plants are valued because they tolerate low light. They can also survive with sparse watering. However, they like humidity and moderate watering. If they get too dry, the tips of the leaves may turn brown. They are also vulnerable to pests like mealybugs and scale insects.

Some species produce a bright red resin called dragon's blood. This resin is naturally occurring. In ancient times, it was collected from Dracaena cinnabari and Dracaena draco. This substance has important social functions in many African societies. It is used for marking graves and sacred sites. It is also used to mark farm plots. Today, most dragon's blood comes from a different plant. It comes from the Calamus rattan palms. These were formerly placed in the genus Daemonorops.

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