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Dental extraction

life science Maturity 11-13 Next article →

A dental extraction is the process of removing a tooth from its socket. This socket is a space in the jaw bone called the dental alveolus.

Pulled tooth
Pulled tooth

Dentists perform extractions for many different reasons. The most common reason is tooth decay, which can account for up to two-thirds of extractions. Other reasons include gum disease or a tooth being hurt by an injury. Sometimes, wisdom teeth become impacted, meaning they are stuck and cannot grow normally.

Extracted Wisdom Tooth
Extracted Wisdom Tooth

These teeth can cause infections in the gums. Dentists might also remove healthy teeth to create space for braces. This is a part of orthodontic treatment to help straighten crowded teeth.

Before the work begins, the dentist must make sure the area is numb. They do this by using a local anaesthetic.

They might first apply a numbing gel like benzocaine to the gums. Then, they use an injection to deliver the medicine. One way is called infiltration, where the medicine goes near the root tip. Another way is a nerve block, which numbs a larger area like all the lower teeth. Common medicines used in the UK include lidocaine and articaine.

There are two main ways a dentist can remove a tooth. A simple extraction is for teeth that are easy to see in the mouth.

Dental-Extraction-Forceps
Dental-Extraction-Forceps

The dentist uses tools to lift and grasp the visible part of the tooth. A surgical extraction is used for teeth that are harder to reach. This might happen if a tooth is broken under the gum or if a wisdom tooth has not fully come in. In these cases, the dentist may need to make a small cut in the gum. They might even use a drill to remove a little bit of the bone. Sometimes, the tooth is split into pieces to make it easier to take out.

Molar cut up during extraction - 2018-08-29 - Andy Mabbett -
Molar cut up during extraction - 2018-08-29 - Andy Mabbett -

Special tools help the dentist work carefully. Forceps are very common and look like small pliers.

Dental extraction forceps
Dental extraction forceps

The dentist uses them to grip the tooth root and apply steady pressure. They might rock the tooth back and forth to loosen it. Other tools include elevators, which help expand the socket.

Dental luxator set
Dental luxator set

There are also luxators, which are sharp tools used to cut the ligament holding the tooth. A dentist might even use a "figure of eight" movement for lower molars. The dentist chooses different shapes of forceps depending on if the tooth is an upper or lower tooth.

After the tooth is out, the patient must help the area heal. Biting on a piece of sterile gauze helps stop bleeding through firm pressure. This helps a blood clot form at the base of the socket.

Abscessed tooth periapical radiograph
Abscessed tooth periapical radiograph

It is important not to eat or drink hot food for the first 24 hours. Patients should also avoid using straws. The suction from a straw can pull the new blood clot out of the socket. If the clot is lost, it can lead to a painful condition called a dry socket. Most people will see some swelling or bruising as they recover.

Swollen face, post-dental-extraction
Swollen face, post-dental-extraction

Over time, the body heals the space where the tooth used to be.

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🖼️ Images & Media (14)
File:Abscessed tooth periapical radiograph.jpg
Abscessed tooth periapical radiograph.jpg
File:US Navy 050326-N-0357S-021 Cmdr. Mark Roback, a Navy dentist from the Military Sealift Command (MSC) hospital ship USNS Mercy (T-AH 19), speaking to his patient through an interpreter, tells her that the injection he is giving.jpg
US Navy 050326-N-0357S-021 Cmdr. Mark...
File:Dental-Extraction-Forceps.jpg
Dental-Extraction-Forceps.jpg
File:Dental luxator set.jpg
Dental luxator set.jpg
File:Extracted Wisdom Tooth.jpg
Extracted Wisdom Tooth.jpg
File:Pulled tooth.jpg
Pulled tooth.jpg
File:Dental extraction forceps.jpg
Dental extraction forceps.jpg
File:Molar cut up during extraction - 2018-08-29 - Andy Mabbett -.jpg
Molar cut up during extraction -...
File:Exodontia - One hour later.jpg
Exodontia - One hour later.jpg
File:Syringe 2.jpg
Syringe 2.jpg
File:Swollen face, post-dental-extraction.jpg
Swollen face, post-dental-extraction.jpg
File:Hematoma Edema 01.jpg
Hematoma Edema 01.jpg

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