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December

physical science Maturity 7-9 Next article →

December is the twelfth and final month of the year. It lasts for 31 days in our calendars.

Les Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry décembre
Les Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry décembre

The name comes from a Latin word, "decem," which means ten. This is because it was once the tenth month. Long ago, the calendar of Romulus began in March. During that time, the winter days after December were not part of any month. Later, people added January and February to the start. Even with this change, December kept its old name.

This month marks a big change in the seasons. In the Northern Hemisphere, December is the start of winter. In the Southern Hemisphere, it is the start of summer.

Eaton Centre Christmas Tree
Eaton Centre Christmas Tree

This happens because of the winter solstice in the north. The solstice is the day with the fewest daylight hours. In the south, the summer solstice brings the most daylight hours. These seasons are opposites. December in the north is the seasonal equivalent to June in the south.

Weihnachtsmarktindresden
Weihnachtsmarktindresden

Looking up at the night sky can be very exciting in December. Many meteor showers happen during this time. These are streaks of light caused by space dust.

The Geminids peak around December 13 or 14. The Ursids peak around December 22. You might also see the Monocerotids, which peak around December 9. Other showers like the Canis-Minorids and the Coma Berenicids also appear. Even the Delta Cancrids can be seen during this month.

1850- 12 December each year - Global average temperature changes
1850- 12 December each year - Global average temperature changes

People have celebrated many things in December for a long time. In Ancient Rome, many special days were held. These included Saturnalia from December 17 to December 23. There was also a day called Divalia on December 21.

The Anglo-Saxons called the period of December and January "Ġēolamonaþ." This is known today as the Yule month. Many cultures still have special days in December. These include the Dongzhi Festival in Asia and Yule in some traditions.

December also has its own special symbols. The birth flower for this month is the narcissus.

Yellow Narcissus
Yellow Narcissus

If you were born in December, your birthstones might be turquoise, zircon, or tanzanite.

Turquoise polie 1 (USA)
Turquoise polie 1 (USA)
Zircon-rlkg001a (cropped)
Zircon-rlkg001a (cropped)
Zoïsite (Tanzanite)
Zoïsite (Tanzanite)

These stones come in many different colors and shapes. You can find these symbols in many books and decorations. They help us celebrate the unique feeling of the month. Even the zodiac signs change during this time. Sagittarius lasts until December 21, then Capricorn begins on December 22.

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🖼️ Images & Media (10)
File:1850- 12 December each year - Global average temperature changes.svg
1850- 12 December each year - Global...
File:12 December - Percent of global area at temperature records - Global warming - NOAA.svg
12 December - Percent of global area at...
File:Zoïsite (Tanzanite).jpg
Zoïsite (Tanzanite).jpg
File:Turquoise polie 1 (USA).jpg
Turquoise polie 1 (USA).jpg
File:Weihnachtsmarktindresden.jpg
Weihnachtsmarktindresden.jpg
File:Yellow Narcissus.JPG
Yellow Narcissus.JPG
File:Eaton Centre Christmas Tree.JPG
Eaton Centre Christmas Tree.JPG
File:Hans Bol - Adriaen Collaert - Emblemata evangelica - Erfgoedfonds Koning Boudewijnstichting - Fonds du Patrimoine Fondation Roi Baudouin - 12.jpg
Hans Bol - Adriaen Collaert - Emblemata...
File:Les Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry décembre.jpg
Les Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry...
File:Zircon-rlkg001a (cropped).JPG
Zircon-rlkg001a (cropped).JPG
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