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Communication

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Communication is the way information is shared between a sender and a receiver.

Little bird singing
Little bird singing

The word comes from a Latin verb, communicare, which means to share or make common. People often use it to describe sending a message through a medium like sound, writing, or even electricity.

Example of computer communication
Example of computer communication

However, experts sometimes disagree on what counts as communication. Some wonder if mistakes or accidental messages should be included. Others argue that communication does more than just send data. They believe it actually creates meaning between the people involved.

Social sciences
Social sciences

Scientists use models to show how this thing works.

Shannon-Weaver model of communication
Shannon-Weaver model of communication

One way is through a linear model, where information moves in one direction. In the Shannon-Weaver model, a source creates a message. A transmitter then turns that message into a signal. This signal travels through a channel, like a wire in a telephone. Finally, a receiver turns the signal back into a message.

Lasswell's model of communication
Lasswell's model of communication

Noise can sometimes get in the way and change the signal. To fix this, people can make the message redundant so it is easier to understand.

Other models show that communication is a two-way street. Wilbur Schramm developed an interaction model to explain this. In his view, a source encodes an idea into a message using a code. The receiver then decodes that message to understand it. The receiver sends feedback back to the sender to show they understood.

Schramm's model of communication
Schramm's model of communication

Schramm also said that people need shared experiences to communicate well. Later, in 1970, Dean Barnlund proposed a transactional model. He believed communication is about producing meaning to reach a shared understanding.

Encoding communication
Encoding communication

Communication happens in many different ways in nature.

Stages of plant communication
Stages of plant communication

Humans use verbal communication, which uses language like speaking or sign language.

Sign language, 2014 (01)
Sign language, 2014 (01)

We also use non-verbal communication, like facial expressions or touch. Animals use signals for things like mating, defense, or finding their way.

Howlsnow
Howlsnow

Even plants communicate using chemicals. For example, maple trees release organic compounds into the air. This warns other plants if a bug is attacking them.

A honey bee on the Cosmos bipinnatus flower 2
A honey bee on the Cosmos bipinnatus flower 2

Many flowers also use bright colors to show insects where nectar is.

How we share information has changed a lot over time.

These changes usually happen because of new technology. Humans invented writing systems and mass printing to share ideas. Later, radio, television, and the internet changed everything again.

These tools even allowed computers to exchange data with each other. Today, we can communicate across the world in an instant. This long history shows how much we want to connect with one another.

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🖼️ Images & Media (23)
File:Pioneer plaque.svg
Pioneer plaque.svg
File:Example of computer communication.svg
Example of computer communication.svg
File:Lasswell's model of communication.svg
Lasswell's model of communication.svg
File:Schramm's model of communication.svg
Schramm's model of communication.svg
File:Stages of plant communication.svg
Stages of plant communication.svg
File:Shannon-Weaver model of communication.svg
Shannon-Weaver model of communication.svg
File:Social sciences.svg
Social sciences.svg
File:Global thinking.svg
Global thinking.svg
File:Noun-technology.svg
Noun-technology.svg
File:Icon Camera.svg
Icon Camera.svg
File:Little bird singing.jpg
Little bird singing.jpg
File:A honey bee on the Cosmos bipinnatus flower 2.jpg
A honey bee on the Cosmos bipinnatus flower 2.jpg

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