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Cockle (bivalve)

life science Maturity 5-7 Next article →

A cockle is a small animal that lives in the ocean. It is a marine bivalve mollusc, which means it has a soft body and two shells. While many small shellfish are called cockles, true cockles belong to the family Cardiidae. These creatures like to live in sandy and sheltered beaches all over the world.

Their shells have a very special look. They are rounded and look like hearts when you view them from the end. Most cockles have many ribs that spread out like lines on the shell. However, some species like the egg cockle have very smooth shells instead. A cockle shell can close completely so there is no gap at the edge.

Living under the sand is how a cockle stays safe. It uses a part of its body called a foot to burrow into the sediment. This foot also helps the animal move around. Cockles can even "jump" by bending and straightening their foot quickly.

To find food, the cockle pulls water through its mantle. The mantle has three openings called apertures. These are an inhalant opening, an exhalant opening, and a pedal opening. The animal uses these to siphon water and to let its foot stick out. As water moves through, the cockle filters tiny plankton to eat.

Scientists have studied these animals for a long time. The family Cardiidae was named by Lamarck in 1809.

There are more than 205 living species of cockles today. Many other types of cockles lived a long time ago and are now fossils. One famous type is the common cockle, or Cerastoderma edule. This species lives along many coastlines in Northern Europe. Its range goes from Ireland in the west to Norway in the east. It even reaches as far south as Senegal in Africa.

Different kinds of cockles have different names and homes. The dog cockle, Glycymeris glycymeris, lives in similar places but is not a true cockle.

There is also the blood cockle, which is a type of ark clam. People in places like southern Korea and Malaysia grow these in large amounts. In the United Kingdom, people often go "cockle-picking" at low tide. This means raking them from the sand when the water goes out. It is hard work and can be dangerous if the tide comes in too fast. In the 1980s, a study in England looked at how eating certain cockles might affect health.

Cockles are part of many stories and meals. In Southeast Asia, you can find them at street food stalls. They are served in dishes like laksa or steamed with lime and pepper.

In the UK, they are a popular snack seasoned with malt vinegar. They even appear in famous songs like "Molly Malone." You might also know the phrase "it warms the cockles of my heart." This means something makes you feel very happy and content. Some think this phrase comes from the heart shape of the shell.

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