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Bielefeld

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Bielefeld is a major city located in the Ostwestfalen-Lippe region.

Logo Stadt Bielefeld
Logo Stadt Bielefeld

It sits in the north-east of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The city is the most populous in the Detmold administrative region. With 342,952 residents, it ranks as the 18th largest city in Germany.

Einwohnerentwicklung von Bielefeld - ab 1871
Einwohnerentwicklung von Bielefeld - ab 1871

The geography of the city is quite unique because of its terrain. The historical center lies in the Ravensberg Basin. However, the modern city expands across the Teutoburg Forest hill range. It also stretches south into the flat Westphalian Basin. A famous hiking trail called the Hermannsweg runs for 156 km along these ridges.

The history of Bielefeld began in 1214. Count Hermann IV of Ravensberg founded the city to guard a pass. This pass crossed the Teutoburg Forest. For many centuries, the city was known as the "city of linen." This was due to the many bleachfields used for fabric. Political borders changed frequently in the 1800s. The area moved from Brandenburg-Prussia to the Kingdom of Westphalia. After the defeat of France, it joined the Province of Westphalia in 1815.

Sparrenburg innovative sights
Sparrenburg innovative sights

Industrialization transformed the city during the 19th century. The opening of the Cologne-Minden railway in 1849 was a major turning point. In 1851, the Bozi brothers built the first large mechanised spinning mill. More Ravensberg spinning mills followed between 1854 and 1857. Metal works also began to appear in the 1860s. One notable company, Dürkoppwerke AG, started in 1867. It originally repaired sewing machines but later produced cars from 1898 to 1927. Bielefeld became a center for many international companies. These include Dr. Oetker, DMG Mori, and the Möller Group.

The city experienced significant hardship during the 20th century. In 1938, the town's synagogue was burned during the Kristallnacht pogrom. During World War II, Bielefeld faced heavy aerial bombardment. In September 1944, USAAF planes bombed the gas works and the marshaling yard. The RAF also targeted the town and a railway viaduct. In March 1945, the RAF used a 10-tonne Grand Slam bomb on the viaduct.

Bielefeld Innenstadt
Bielefeld Innenstadt

American troops entered the city in April 1945. Following the war, the city served as a headquarters for the British Army of the Rhine. The British military presence lasted until 2020.

Bielefeld is also a center for education and culture. Bielefeld University was established in 1969. Its early faculty included the sociologist Niklas Luhmann. The city also hosts the Theological Seminary Bethel.

Friedrich von Bodelschwingh
Friedrich von Bodelschwingh

Students can attend several vocational schools like Berufskolleg Senne. For culture, the city offers the Rudolf-Oetker-Halle. This concert hall is famous for its excellent acoustics. The city's layout was officially changed in 1973. This reform merged the city with its surrounding district. This increased the area from 48 km² to 259 km².

A curious piece of local history involves "Stoffgeld." During the inflation of the Weimar Republic in 1923, the city printed emergency money. This money was made from fabric like silk, linen, and velvet. These banknotes were very attractive and highly collectable. They were issued by the Bielefeld Stadtsparkasse. Today, these items are known as fabric money.

Alter-Markt-Bielefeld
Alter-Markt-Bielefeld

Another strange modern phenomenon is the "Bielefeld conspiracy." Since 1994, people have jokingly claimed the city does not exist. This is a humorous way to satirize conspiracy theories.

Modern Bielefeld is well-connected by transport systems. Two major motorways, the A 2 and A 33, intersect in the south east.

Bielefeld Kesselbrink
Bielefeld Kesselbrink

The city is also part of the German ICE high-speed railroad system. The main railway station is Bielefeld Hauptbahnhof. Public transport is managed by companies like moBiel and BVO. The Stadtbahn system includes four major lines. These connect the city to nearby counties. The climate in the region is oceanic. This means there is a steady amount of precipitation throughout the year.

Bielefeld Niederwall Wasserspiel über Stadtbahntunnel
Bielefeld Niederwall Wasserspiel über Stadtbahntunnel
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🖼️ Images & Media (13)
File:Logo Stadt Bielefeld.svg
Logo Stadt Bielefeld.svg
File:Bielefeld Innenstadt.jpg
Bielefeld Innenstadt.jpg
File:Bielefeld Niederwall Wasserspiel über Stadtbahntunnel.jpg
Bielefeld Niederwall Wasserspiel über...
File:Einwohnerentwicklung von Bielefeld - ab 1871.svg
Einwohnerentwicklung von Bielefeld - ab 1871.svg
File:2020 Bielefeld mayoral election (2nd round).svg
2020 Bielefeld mayoral election (2nd round).svg
File:2020 Bielefeld City Council election.svg
2020 Bielefeld City Council election.svg
File:Sparrenburg innovative sights.JPG
Sparrenburg innovative sights.JPG
File:Alter-Markt-Bielefeld.JPG
Alter-Markt-Bielefeld.JPG
File:Bielefeld Kesselbrink.jpg
Bielefeld Kesselbrink.jpg
File:2019-05-25 Radrennbahn Bielefeld.jpg
2019-05-25 Radrennbahn Bielefeld.jpg
File:Christian Friedrich Nasse.jpg
Christian Friedrich Nasse.jpg
File:Stenner Hermann Museumsberg Flensburg Hans-Christansen-Haus.JPG
Stenner Hermann Museumsberg Flensburg...

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