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Aglaonice

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Aglaonice was a famous woman from the ancient region of Thessaly. Her name likely combines the Greek words for "luminous" and "victory."

Greek vase painting Diana Taurica Hamilton collection
Greek vase painting Diana Taurica Hamilton collection

Historical records describe her as a witch. We know about her through ancient writings. One source is a note, called a scholion, on the Argonautica. Another source is the writings of Plutarch, specifically his work Moralia. These texts provide the primary evidence for her existence and her reputation. She is remembered as a figure of great mystery and skill.

Aglaonice was specifically known for her ability to draw the moon down from the sky. This was not a simple magic trick. She used her knowledge of lunar eclipses to create this illusion. A lunar eclipse occurs when the moon enters Earth's shadow and darkens.

Greek vase painting Diana Taurica Hamilton collection
Greek vase painting Diana Taurica Hamilton collection

According to Plutarch and the scholion, she could predict exactly when these eclipses would happen. She would plan her performance to coincide with the darkening of the moon. This timing made it appear as though she had actual power over the celestial body.

Some scholars have tried to explain how convincing this illusion must have been. Peter Bicknell suggested that the eclipses during her lifetime might have been particularly dark. If the moon became very dark, the effect of "drawing it down" would seem more real to observers. However, this idea has faced criticism. Some experts argue that such dark eclipses are astronomically implausible. Others believe that scholars should not take ancient literary descriptions too literally. The exact nature of her "magic" remains a subject of debate.

We do not have a certain date for when Aglaonice lived. Some evidence suggests she was active between the mid-third century BC and the late-first century AD. However, her true timeline is uncertain. A researcher named Richard Stothers proposed a different view. He suggested that Aglaonice might be a mythical figure rather than a historical person. It is possible she was a figure from before the fifth century BC. In this view, legends about her may have developed over many centuries before they were finally written down.

Aglaonice was the daughter of a woman named Hegetor or Hegemon.

Greek vase painting Diana Taurica Hamilton collection
Greek vase painting Diana Taurica Hamilton collection

Her life and actions also left a mark on the Greek language. The scholiast on the Argonautica says her actions inspired a specific proverb. The phrase is to "pull the moon against yourself." This expression means to bring misfortune or trouble upon oneself. The stories claim that immediately after she claimed to draw down the moon, she faced great calamities. One of these misfortunes included the loss of one of her kin.

Her legacy continues in modern science and art. In astronomy, one of the craters on the planet Venus is named Aglaonice. This honors her place in historical memory. In the world of art, she is included in Judy Chicago's Heritage Floor. This massive installation features 999 mythical or historical figures. Aglaonice is specifically associated with the place-setting for Aspasia in the work titled The Dinner Party. Her name serves as a link between ancient legend and contemporary creative expression.

Aglaonice also appears in modern cinema. In the 1950 film Orpheus, directed by Jean Cocteau, there is a character named Aglaonice. This character was portrayed by the actress Juliette Gréco. This connection shows how her name has traveled from ancient Thessaly to the silver screen. Whether she was a real person or a legendary figure, her story remains a significant part of cultural history. She represents the intersection of ancient science, myth, and the power of storytelling.

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