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Crater (constellation)

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Crater is a small constellation located in the southern celestial hemisphere. Its name is the Latinized version of the Greek word *krater*, which describes a large cup used for mixing wine with water.

CraterCC
CraterCC

This constellation is significant because it serves as a window into various stellar life cycles and deep-space phenomena. It covers 282.4 square degrees of the sky. This area represents 0.685% of the entire celestial sphere. Among the 88 recognized constellations, Crater ranks as the 53rd largest.

The stars within Crater demonstrate how stars change as they age. Delta Crateris is an orange giant star located 163 light-years away. It is 1.0 to 1.4 times as massive as our Sun. Because it is an aging star, it has cooled and expanded to 10 times the Sun's radius. Alpha Crateris is another orange giant star located 141 light-years from the Sun. It has a mass 1.75 times that of the Sun. This star has exhausted its core hydrogen, causing it to expand to 13.2 times the Sun's diameter. It shines with 69 times the luminosity of the Sun.

CraterCC
CraterCC

Other star systems in the constellation show more complex arrangements. Beta Crateris is a binary star system. This means it consists of two stars orbiting each other. It contains a white giant star and a tiny white dwarf. The white dwarf is so much smaller than its companion that even the Hubble Space Telescope cannot see it separately. Gamma Crateris is also a double star system. The primary is a white main sequence star. The secondary is likely an orange dwarf. These two stars take at least 1,150 years to complete one orbit around each other.

CraterCC
CraterCC

Crater is also home to fascinating variable stars. A variable star is one that changes in brightness over time. R Crateris is a semiregular variable star. It is located 770 light-years away. Its brightness fluctuates over a period of 160 days. TT Crateris is a cataclysmic variable system. This is a binary system where a white dwarf orbits an orange dwarf. The white dwarf pulls matter away from its companion star. This matter forms an accretion disk. This disk periodically ignites and erupts, causing the system to brighten significantly.

CraterCC
CraterCC

History shows that many different cultures have observed these stars. The second-century astronomer Ptolemy included Crater in his list of 48 constellations. In ancient Babylonian star catalogues from 1100 BC, these stars were likely part of the constellation Corvus. The Greek myth tells of a crow sent by the god Apollo to fetch water. The crow delayed its journey to eat figs. When it finally returned, it used a cup and blamed a water snake for drinking the water. Apollo saw through this lie and cast the crow, the cup, and the snake into the sky.

Different traditions viewed the stars through their own unique lenses. In Chinese astronomy, these stars are part of the Vermillion Bird of the South. They represent the wings of a red bird named Yi. In the Society Islands, the constellation was known as Moana-'ohu-noa-'ei-ha'a-moe-hara. This name translates to "vortex-ocean-in-which-to-lose-crime." These varied interpretations show how human culture has always used the stars to tell stories.

43-Crater-Constellation
43-Crater-Constellation

Beyond individual stars, Crater contains massive deep-sky objects. There are seven star systems in this constellation that host planets. For example, the star HD 96167 has a planet with a mass 68% that of Jupiter. The star BD-10°3166 hosts a "hot Jupiter" planet that orbits its star in only 3.49 days. The constellation also contains galaxies like NGC 3981. This is a spiral galaxy that is part of the Crater Cloud.

A Galactic Gem NGC 3981
A Galactic Gem NGC 3981

Even more distant is the quasar RX J1131. This object is 6 billion light-years away. It contains a black hole whose spin was the first ever measured by scientists.

A Galactic Traffic Jam - potw2009a
A Galactic Traffic Jam - potw2009a
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🖼️ Images & Media (5)
File:Sidney Hall - Urania's Mirror - Noctua, Corvus, Crater, Sextans Uraniæ, Hydra, Felis, Lupus, Centaurus, Antlia Pneumatica, Argo Navis, and Pyxis Nautica.jpg
Sidney Hall - Urania's Mirror - Noctua,...
File:43-Crater-Constellation.PNG
43-Crater-Constellation.PNG
File:CraterCC.jpg
CraterCC.jpg
A Galactic Traffic Jam - potw2009a.tif
A Galactic Gem NGC 3981.tif
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