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2nd Dalai Lama

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Gedun Gyatso was a significant religious leader in Tibetan history.

Lobsang Gyatso
Lobsang Gyatso

He is posthumously recognized as the 2nd Dalai Lama. His full name was Gedun Gyatso Palzangpo. Some also knew him as Yonten Phuntsok. He was a famous scholar and a composer of mystical poetry. His life helped expand the influence of the Gelugpa tradition. He also became the leader of Drepung Monastery. This monastery became closely linked to the lineage of the Dalai Lamas.

Gedun Gyatso's life began with a unique spiritual identity. He was born in 1475 as Sangye Phel. He was born in the Tsang region of central Tibet. His father was Kunga Gyaltsen, a famous Nyingma tantric master. His mother was Machik Kunga Pemo. They worked together as a family of farmers. As a young child, he was proclaimed a reincarnation. People believed he was the rebirth of Gendun Drupa. This identification occurred when he was either four or eight years old.

Early signs of his past life were reported by his family. Soon after he learned to speak, he shared specific details. He reportedly told his parents his name was Pema Dorje. This was the birth name of Gendun Drupa. He also claimed his father was Lobsang Drakpa. This was the ordination name of the teacher Je Tsongkhapa. When he was four, he asked to live at Tashilhunpo Monastery. This monastery was founded in 1447 by Gendun Drupa. He was enthroned as a reincarnation at age eleven.

Gedun Gyatso underwent several stages of religious training. In 1486, at age ten, he received novice vows. These are called getsul vows. He received them from Panchen Lungrig Gyatso. Later, he received full bhikshu ordination vows. Ghoje Choekyi Gyaltsen gave him these vows. This ceremony gave him the ordination name Gedun Gyatso. He lived at Tashilhunpo until his late teens. Due to controversies or jealousy, he moved to Lhasa. There, he studied at the large Drepung Monastery.

He held many important leadership roles throughout his career. In 1509, he founded the Chokorgyel Monastery in southern Tibet. This site is near the sacred lake Lhamo Latso. The monastery sits at an altitude of 4,500 meters. The lake itself is much higher at 5,000 meters. In 1512, he became the abbot of Tashilhunpo at age thirty-six. In 1517, he became the abbot of Drepung Monastery. He later became the abbot of Sera Monastery in 1525. Sera was founded in 1419 by Jamchen Chojey.

Gedun Gyatso helped formalize important religious traditions. In 1518, he revived the Monlam Chenmo. This is also known as the Great Prayer Festival. He presided over this event with monks from three large monasteries. These were Sera, Drepung, and Gaden. Gaden was the original monastery of the Geluk order. It was founded by Je Tsongkhapa in 1409. He was also known to study Nyingma-pa tantric doctrines. This helped him become a very well-rounded scholar.

The sacred lake Lhamo Latso holds a special place in his story. It is said he was the first to discover its sacredness. A spirit named Palden Lhamo reportedly promised protection for the lineage. This promise was made to the First Dalai Lama in a vision. Because of Gedun Gyatso, the system of choosing reincarnations became formal. Monks still go to the lake to seek guidance. They meditate there to find visions about the next leader. This connection remains a vital part of the tradition.

Gedun Gyatso lived a long and impactful life. He died in 1542 while in deep meditation. He was 67 years old at the time of his death. His life changed how the Gelugpa tradition grew in Tibet. He bridged different religious lineages through his studies. His leadership at Drepung helped secure the Dalai Lama lineage. The connection between the monastery and the reincarnation line became very strong. His legacy continues through the many leaders who followed him.

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