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Lojong

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Lojong is a contemplative practice within the Tibetan Buddhist tradition. The term literally means "mind training." This practice uses lists of aphorisms, which are short sayings or slogans. Practitioners use these slogans to refine their motivations and attitudes. The goal is to purify the mind from undesired mental habits. These habits are seen as causes of human suffering. By using these slogans as antidotes, people aim to transform their perspectives.

The practice functions through two different types of methods. These are known as absolute and relative bodhicitta. Absolute bodhicitta involves expanding one's viewpoint toward ultimate reality. For example, a slogan might suggest treating everything perceived as a dream. Another suggests finding the consciousness held before birth. Relative bodhicitta focuses on relating to the world constructively. This includes being grateful to everyone. It also includes treating disasters as opportunities to wake up.

Lojong is organized into distinct sets of slogans. The most widespread text in the Sarma traditions belongs to Chekawa Yeshe Dorje. He composed 59 slogans in the 12th century. These are organized into the "7 Points of Lojong." Other traditions hold different sets of instructions. Langri Tangpa created a set of eight lojong slogans. The Nyingma tradition uses a list of seven slogans. These belong to the Dzogchen Nyingthig lineage.

The history of Lojong spans a 300-year development period. It emerged between 900 and 1200 CE within the Mahāyāna school of Buddhism. Atiśa, a meditation master from Bengal, is the recognized originator. He studied with the Sumatran teacher Dharmakīrtiśrī for twelve years. He also studied with the Indian teacher Dharmarakṣita. Dharmarakṣita authored a text called the Wheel of Sharp Weapons. Atiśa eventually moved to Tibet to teach for his remaining years.

Chekawa Yeshe Dorje played a vital role in shaping the practice. He reportedly saw a powerful phrase on a cell-mate's bed. The phrase was "Gain and victory to others, loss and defeat to oneself." This inspired him to study with the followers of Langri Tangpa. Chekawa is also associated with stories of great transformation. One account claims he cured leprosy through mind training. He reportedly lived among a colony of lepers to practice. Over time, many in the colony were reportedly healed.

The 7 Points of Lojong provide a detailed structure for training. The first point covers the preliminaries or the Four Thoughts. These include awareness of precious human life and impermanence. They also include karma and the dangers of ego. The second point is the main practice of training in bodhicitta. The third point involves transforming bad circumstances into enlightenment. The fourth point shows how to use practice in whole life. The fifth point is the evaluation of mind training.

Later points provide specific disciplines and guidelines. The sixth point lists many disciplines to avoid negative behaviors. Practitioners are told not to be jealous or seek applause. They are encouraged to work with their greatest obstacles first. The seventh point offers guidelines for maintaining the practice. This includes being patient and having one intention. It also warns against misinterpreting feelings like joy or compassion. For example, one should not feel joy only when enemies suffer.

Lojong has gained significant popularity in the West. Many prominent teachers have shared these methods globally. These include Pema Chödrön, Ken McLeod, and B. Alan Wallace. Chögyam Trungpa and Sogyal Rinpoche are also notable teachers. The 14th Dalai Lama is another major figure. The practice connects to the broader goal of lessening the ego. It seeks to reduce self-absorption through honest self-examination. This helps practitioners stay focused on the present moment.

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