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Zealand

geography Maturity 11-13 Next article →

Zealand is the largest and most populous island in Denmark proper. While Greenland and Disko Island are larger in total area, Zealand is the primary island of the Danish nation. It covers an area of 7,031 square kilometers. As of January 1, 2020, the island held a population of 2,319,705 people. This represents 40% of the entire country's population.

Belte inter
Belte inter

Within Europe, Zealand ranks as the 13th-largest island by area. It is also the 4th most populous island on the continent.

Traveling across and around the island is possible through several major engineering links. The Great Belt Fixed Link connects Zealand to the island of Funen in the west. To the east, several bridges connect the island to Amager. Through Amager and the Øresund Bridge, travelers can reach Scania in Sweden.

Belte inter
Belte inter

In the south, the Storstrøm Bridge and the Farø Bridges link Zealand to Falster. Beyond Falster lies the island of Lolland. Currently, workers are building the Fehmarnbelt Tunnel. This tunnel will eventually connect Lolland to the German island of Fehmarn and mainland Europe.

Zealand is divided into two distinct administrative regions. The Capital Region includes the Copenhagen metropolitan area and North Zealand. The Zealand Region manages the more rural and major parts of the island. The capital city, Copenhagen, is located mostly on the eastern shore of Zealand. It also extends partly onto the island of Amager. In 2020, Copenhagen had a population between 1.3 and 1.4 million people. Other significant urban areas include Roskilde, Hillerød, Næstved, Helsingør, Slagelse, Køge, Holbæk, and Kalundborg.

The name "Sjælland" has several possible origins that historians study. One hypothesis suggests it comes from the modern Danish word for "soul." Another theory links it to a word meaning "lake" or "sea." A common modern hypothesis suggests an Old Danish form based on a word meaning "indicates" or "resembles." This word might refer to a "seal" or a "deep bay." Because the ancient settlement of Roskilde is accessible via the Roskilde Fjord, some believe sailors named the island after this feature.

Gefion
Gefion

The Swedish name, Själland, is simply an adaptation of the spelling.

Ancient history shows that tribal Danes originated from Zealand and Scania. They spoke an early form of North Germanic. Before the Danes arrived, many nearby areas were settled by the Jutes. Some Jutes eventually migrated to Great Britain. They were later absorbed by the Angles and Saxons. On Zealand, Valdemar's Zealandic Law was enacted during the 13th century. This civil code helped create legal uniformity across Danish settlements. Before this, laws were not the same in every settlement.

Gefion
Gefion

Religious and political life changed many locations on the island over time. Ringsted and Roskilde were the first major political and religious centers. Later, Copenhagen took over these roles. Important religious sites included Sorø Abbey and Esrum Abbey. In the north, Helsingør became a vital seaport due to its location at the Øresund. The construction of Kronborg Castle and the introduction of Sound Dues increased its importance. For centuries, the crown owned much of North Zealand for royal hunting.

Gefion
Gefion

Industrial growth later arrived through watermills and factories like the Kronborg Arms Factory.

Norse mythology offers a different explanation for the island's existence. The Gylfaginning tells of the goddess Gefjun. She reportedly tricked King Gylfi of Sweden to create the island. She moved a piece of land to Denmark to form Zealand. The empty space left in Sweden became the lake Mälaren.

Gefion
Gefion

Some people note that Zealand looks similar to the Swedish lake Vänern. This leads to suggestions that Vänern might be the hole left by Gefjun. While the island nation of New Zealand shares a similar name, it is not related. New Zealand was named after the Dutch province of Zeeland.

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