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Windows 10

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Windows 10 is a major release of the Windows NT operating system. An operating system is the essential software that manages a computer's hardware and other programs. Developed by Microsoft, Windows 10 was the successor to Windows 8.1. It was released to manufacturing on July 15, 2015. It became generally available to the public on July 29, 2015. Microsoft offered it as a free upgrade to users of Windows 7, 8, and 8.1. This version was designed to be a massive, unified platform for many different types of hardware.

Virtual Desktops in Windows 10
Virtual Desktops in Windows 10

The system functions by providing a desktop-oriented interface. This was a major change from its predecessor, Windows 8.1, which focused on tablets. Windows 10 reintroduced the Start menu to help users navigate easily. The interface includes several specific tools to improve how people work. Task View allows users to manage multiple virtual desktops at once.

Virtual Desktops in Windows 10
Virtual Desktops in Windows 10

The Action Center provides a central place for notifications. For security, the system uses Windows Hello for biometric authentication. This allows users to unlock devices using physical traits like their face. The system also includes Cortana, which is a virtual assistant. For high-performance graphics and gaming, it utilizes DirectX 12.

Screenshot of ‘Bash on Ubuntu on Windows’
Screenshot of ‘Bash on Ubuntu on Windows’

Microsoft organized Windows 10 into different versions for different needs. The consumer versions include Home and Pro editions. Pro users can also purchase a Pro Pack to upgrade from Home. For businesses, there are server counterparts like Windows Server 2016, 2019, and 2022. There is also an ARM version of the software, released in 2018. For specific professional environments, Microsoft provides the Long-Term Servicing Channel (LTSC). These versions receive only critical and security updates rather than constant feature changes. This allows large organizations to maintain a stable system for longer periods.

The development of Windows 10 was a long process of unification. In 2011, Andrew Lees stated that Microsoft wanted one ecosystem for all devices. He wanted PCs, smartphones, and tablets to all work together. In 2013, writer Mary Jo Foley reported the project was codenamed "Threshold." This name was taken from a planet in the Halo video game franchise. In April 2014, Terry Myerson unveiled an early build called build 9697. This build showed a new Start menu and the ability to run Microsoft Store apps inside desktop windows. Microsoft also developed the concept of "universal Windows apps." These apps share a common codebase so they can run on Windows, Windows Phone, and Xbox One.

Windows Hello in Enpass
Windows Hello in Enpass

Microsoft had ambitious goals for the reach of this software. They aimed to have Windows 10 installed on over one billion devices within three years. They did not reach this milestone until March 2020, nearly five years after launch. By January 2018, Windows 10 became the most popular version of Windows globally. It held this position until Windows 11 took the top spot in June 2025. As of March 2026, Windows 10 remained the second-most-used version. It accounted for a 31% worldwide share, while Windows 11 held 67%. By December 2025, an estimated 1 billion PCs globally were running the system.

Windows 10 introduced several notable features and software changes. It introduced the Microsoft Edge browser, which replaced Internet Explorer. It also featured deep integration with Xbox Live for gamers. Some games, like Candy Crush Saga, were even bundled with the operating system at launch. The system was available in 190 countries and 111 languages. To help in China, Microsoft partnered with companies like Qihoo, Tencent, and Lenovo. However, the release also faced some criticism. Some users were concerned about privacy regarding data collection. Others disliked mandatory updates or tactics used to promote the OS.

Windows Hello in Enpass
Windows Hello in Enpass

Windows 10 connects to the broader history of computing and hardware. It is the last version of Windows to support 32-bit processors and BIOS firmware. It is also the last version that does not require a TPM or TPM 1.2 security chip for installation. This makes it a bridge between older technology and the requirements of newer systems. Official support for most versions ended on October 14, 2025. After this date, only specific editions like the LTSC or those in the Extended Security Updates program continue to receive support. This transition marks the shift toward Windows 11 and newer computing standards.

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File:Virtual Desktops in Windows 10.png
Virtual Desktops in Windows 10.png
File:Windows Hello in Enpass.png
Windows Hello in Enpass.png
File:Screenshot of ‘Bash on Ubuntu on Windows’.png
Screenshot of ‘Bash on Ubuntu on Windows’.png
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