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Internet Explorer

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Internet Explorer was a series of graphical web browsers developed by Microsoft.

Internet Explorer 2 logo
Internet Explorer 2 logo

These browsers were used to navigate the World Wide Web on Windows operating systems. For a long time, it was the most dominant tool for accessing the internet. It played a central role in the early growth of the digital age. While it has been retired from most modern systems, its legacy continues through specific technical features. Understanding its history helps us see how the modern internet evolved.

To display a website, a browser uses a specialized piece of software called a rendering engine.

IExplore
IExplore

For many years, Internet Explorer relied on the Trident engine. This engine acts as a translator between website code and the user. It takes complex instructions and turns them into the text and images we see on a screen. Even though the standalone browser is gone, the Trident engine still exists. It is used in "IE Mode" within the Microsoft Edge browser. This allows newer computers to display older websites that require legacy technology. Microsoft has committed to supporting this mode until at least 2029.

Internet Explorer went through many distinct versions over its long lifespan. The project began in the summer of 1994 under Thomas Reardon. Version 1 was released in 1995 as part of the Plus! package for Windows 95. Version 2 arrived later that year for Windows 95 and Windows NT. Version 4 was significant because it was the first to use the Trident engine. Later, Version 7 introduced tabbed browsing in 2006, allowing users to open multiple pages in one window.

Internet Explorer zoom menu
Internet Explorer zoom menu

The final major release was Internet Explorer 11, which included advanced features like hardware-accelerated JPEG decoding.

The history of the browser is marked by intense competition and legal challenges. In the 1990s, Microsoft fought the "first browser war" against Netscape. Netscape was the dominant browser before Internet Explorer gained widespread use. Microsoft used bundling, which means including the browser with the Windows operating system, to win this competition. The development process also faced legal scrutiny. Early versions used source code from Spyglass Mosaic. This led to a lawsuit where Microsoft paid an $8 million settlement in 1997. Additionally, SyNet Inc. sued Microsoft over the name "Internet Explorer," resulting in a $5 million settlement.

At its height, Internet Explorer had an incredible impact on the global market. In 2003, the browser reached a peak usage share of 95%. This means nearly every person using a web browser at that time used Internet Explorer. Microsoft invested heavily in the project to maintain this lead. By 1999, the development team had grown to over 1,000 people. However, its market share began to decline after the launch of Firefox in 2004 and Google Chrome in 2008.

Web browser usage share StatCounter
Web browser usage share StatCounter

The rise of mobile operating systems like Android and iOS also contributed to its decline.

Several factors led to the eventual retirement of the browser. Security and privacy vulnerabilities were frequent concerns during its development. The United States and the European Union also investigated whether bundling the browser with Windows hurt fair competition. As technology changed, many websites stopped supporting Internet Explorer altogether. For example, the Internet Archive removed it from their supported list in 2020. Major web services like Microsoft Teams and WordPress also dropped support for the browser. By 2022, official support for many Windows 10 editions had ended.

Today, Internet Explorer is connected to the broader ecosystem of modern web technology. Microsoft Edge was released in 2015 to succeed Internet Explorer 11.

While Edge is the primary browser, it maintains a connection to the past through its compatibility features. The transition from Internet Explorer to Edge represents a shift in how software is developed and maintained. We moved from a single, dominant browser to a more diverse landscape of tools. This evolution ensures that the web remains accessible even as old technologies are replaced by new ones.

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🖼️ Images & Media (6)
File:Internet Explorer 2 logo.png
Internet Explorer 2 logo.png
File:Internet Explorer zoom menu.png
Internet Explorer zoom menu.png
File:IExplore.svg
IExplore.svg
File:Acid3 test, Firefox 124.0.1 and IE11.png
Acid3 test, Firefox 124.0.1 and IE11.png
File:Web browser usage share StatCounter.svg
Web browser usage share StatCounter.svg
File:Internet-explorer-usage-data.svg
Internet-explorer-usage-data.svg
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